Welcome to the unit & Reading
精讲典析
1. Wow! I think this blouse will make me look slimmer. 哇！我想这件衬衣会使我显得苗条一些。 make 后接名词、形容词、省略 to 的动词不定式或过去分词等作宾补。 The workers made him head of the workshop. 工人们选他当车间主任。 A heavy rain made the road rather slippery. 一场大雨使道路相当滑。
He began to make faces just in order to make the other students laugh. 他开始做鬼脸只为逗其他学生发笑。 I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高声音为的是让别人听见我的话。 1、爸爸要求我记住老师的话。（译）
Father made me __________ my teacher‟s words.
I was ______ ______ _______ my teacher‟s words by father.
2. Dying to be thin. 渴望瘦身。 be dying to do “渴望做某事”
=have a strong desire to do =be anxious / eager to do sth =be longing to do sth I‟m dying to see you. 我渴望见到你。
There was a time when many young people were dying to go abroad. 曾经有许多年轻人都渴望出国。 同义句转换：I can‟t wait to surprize the boys. I _____ _____to surprize the boys.
类似的短语有: be thirsty/ dying/anxious/ eager for sth. (渴望得到某物)，long for sth.(渴望得到某物)，expect to do sth. (期望做某事)，wish to do sth.(希望做某事)，hope to do sth.(希望做某事)。 同义句转换： She wanted something to eat very much. She was _______ _______ something to eat.
翻译： 她是一个渴望权力的人。__________________________________。
3. I haven’t heard from you for weeks. 我已有好几个星期没收到你的信了。 ① hear from sb.= receive one‟s letter / telephone 意为“收到某人的来信/电话”。 I‟m looking forward to hearing from you. 我期待收到你的来信。 ② hear of / about sth. 意为“知道某事”或“听说过某事”。例如： I‟ve never heard of this story. 我从未听说过这个故事。
4. I used to go to the gym three times a week, but I don’t work out any more. 我过去常去健身房，一周三次，但我(现在)不再锻炼了。
① used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
be\\get\\become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于… =be\\get\\become accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯于…
1、I used to_______ a walk after supper(have), but now I'm used to__________ basketball.(play) 2、There _____to be an apple tree in the garden and now it is gone.
A used B seems C was one D happens
work out 的用法
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
① 它可表示“锻炼”或“运动”。
The famous actors keep fit by working out in the gym every day. 这些著名的演员们通过每天在健身房做大量的运动来保持健康。 ② 它可表示“计算出（数字、结果）”或“解决（问题）”。
I have worked out the expenses of the month. 我已经计算出这个月的开支。
I hope it all works out the problems between the twins. 我希望这对双胞胎之间的问题均会得到解决。 ③ 它可表示“仔细拟定（计划等）”。
We must work out a plan as quickly as possible. 我们必须尽快地做出计划。 ④ 它可表示“成功的发展、产生好的结果”。
We didn‟t plan our art exhibition, but it worked out very well. 我们并没有计划我们的艺术展览，但它的展出结果非常令人满意。 ⑤ 它可表示“理解”= understand。
The plot is very complicated, and it‟ll take you a while to work it out. 情节极其复杂，你要花一些时间才能弄明白。
1、If you want to keep slim, you should _________ in the gym。
A run out B go out C work out D make up
2、You can‟t predict everything. Often things don‟t ________ as you respect. A run into B break out C work out D put out 3、Can you _____ how much mmoney the book cost?
A try out B work out C go on D carry on
5.Looking good is important to women, isn’t it?
【析】:looking good is important to women为动名词短语，在句中充当主语。 上述为一个反义疑问句，在后面的简略问句中，代词用it。
(陈述部分的主语如果是：动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句等，在后面的简略问句中，代词也用it) To do a good deed is easy for a person,_______ ______?
Where we will build the dam hasn‟t been decided yet,_______ _______?
Going to a British high was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me,________ ________ ?
6. Every woman wants a slim figure these days, especially here in Canada. 现在每位女性都想拥有苗条的身材，尤其是在加拿大。 (1) figure 的用法 名词：
① 它作名词可意为“体形、身材”、“人影”。
Mary does exercise every morning to improve her figure. 玛丽每天早上做运动以改善体形。
A tall figure in a hat came in the doorway. 一个戴着帽子的高大身影出现在门口。 Through the window I could see the busy figure of Mrs Bradshaw.
透过窗户我可以看见布拉德肖女士忙碌的身影。
② 它作名词可意为“数字(常用复数)”。
She wrote the date in figures. 她用数字写上日期。 ③ 它作名词可意为 “名人、人物”。
Zhou Enlai is a political figure in Chinese history. 在中国历史上，周恩来是一位政治要人。 动词：
① 它作动词可意为“认为”或“相信”=think/believe
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
I figured her to be more reasonable. I can‟t figure out why she said so. 我原以为她会更理智，我不能理解她为什么这么说。 ② 它作动词可意为“计算”。例如：
She learnt to read, write and figure. 她学会了阅读、写作和计算。 补充：figure out：想出、理解、计算出
1、In order to keep a good______, she is going n a diet. A form B shape C figure D appearance
2、The situation is very complex, so I think it will take some time to_____ its reality. A make up B figure out C look through D put off 3、It is important for the figures ______ regularly.
A to be updated B to have been updated C to update D to have updated
(2) 辨析：especially, specially
① especially 意为“非常地”或“尤其”，通常用于强调某事物，或表示该事物比其他谈论的事物更值得一提或重要。
It can be especially difficult for drivers to see cyclists at night. 汽车司机夜间非常不容易看到骑车人。 I hate interruptions, especially when I‟m trying to work. 我不喜欢被打断，尤其是在工作时间。 ② specially 表示“专门地”。通常用于表示所做之事因某种特殊目的而异于平常。： I have ome specially to see you. 我专门来看你的。
7 Since I’m preparing to act in a new TV play, I’m taking weight-lose pill called Fat-less, which are quite popular among young women here. 因为我准备在一部新电视剧里演出，正在吃一种称为“瘦身”的减/肥药片。
1、The play ______our students acted for the teachers‟ day turned out to a great success.
A. which
B. in that C. where
D. whose
2、Do you know the boy __________himself “Scorpion—蝎子”(call)? 3、It is said that the building_________ last year is our new lab.
A. build
B. built C. being built
D. to be built
(1)since做从属连词的用法
① since “既然; 因为”, 引导原因状语从句，表示原因时，语气比because弱，表示的原因是对方已知的，可以和now that互换，所引导的状语从句多见位于主句之前。 Since it is late, I shall go home now. 由于时间晚了, 我现在要回家了。
Since you are so sure of it, he'll believe you. 既然你对此这么有把握, 他会相信你的。 Now that/Since I am in Senor High, I can join clubs like the archery club or the gymnastics club. 既然我在读高中，我就可以参加象射箭或体操这样的俱乐部。 ② since“自从……”, 引导时间状语从句，其主句要用完成时态。： Since I left college, I have not seen him. 自从我离开大学以后, 就没有见过他了。
His health is much improved since he gave up smoking. 他自戒烟以来, 健康状况大大改善了。 It is ten years since she left me. 自从她离开我已经十年了。
练习：1、His first novel_____ good reviews since it came out last month. A receives B is receiving C ill receive D has received 2、______he is here, let‟s start the party.
A Since B Because C Now that D、A and C
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
8. I’m trying to lose weight because I'm so ashamed of my body. 我正在努力减肥，因为我的体形让我觉得非常羞愧。 (1) weight 的用法
① 用于短语 lose weight，意为“减肥”。
She is on a diet in order to lose weight. 她正通过节食来减肥。 ② weight 常用于以下短语中：
by weight 按重量 overweight 过重的 put on weight=gain weight 增重 练习：1、 She is on a diet in order to____________。（减肥） 2、Apples are sold_______ while cloth is sold ______。 A in weight; in yard B by the weight; by yard C in weight; in the yard D by weight; by the yard
(2) ashamed 的用法
① be ashamed of sth.意为“对(某事)感到羞愧或难为情”。： He is ashamed of his failure. 他对自己的失败感到惭愧。
另外，表示“做了某事而感到羞愧”习惯用 be ashamed of doing sth. 或 be ashamed of having done sth.例如 He is ashamed of having failed. 他为自己的失败而羞愧。 ②辨析：ashamed, shameful
ashamed 意为“感到羞耻的”，它一般作表语或后置定语。 shameful 意为“可耻的”或“令人羞耻的”。它是贬义词。 ③ ashamed 常用于以下短语中： be ashamed of oneself 为自己感到羞愧 to one‟s shame 令人感到羞耻的是
be ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧 be ashamed of 对……感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth. 因惭愧而不情愿做某事
①To our great surprise，the thief wasn‟t _____ of his ________ conduct at all. A．shameful；shameful B．ashamed；ashamed C．shameful；ashamed D．ashamed；shameful ②I was ashamed _______________(tell) him that I had failed.
③You should be ashamed of yourself for _________________(cheat) in the exam.
9. The pills really work! 减肥药片还真管用。 work 的用法
① 它作动词时可意为“行得通”、或“起作用”。
Your idea won‟t work in practice. 你的想法在实践中是行不通的。 The medicine worked. 那药物产生了作用。 ② 它作动词时可意为“工作”。例如：
Many people have to work in order to make a living. 大多数人为了生存而不得不工作。 ③ 它作动词时可表示“(机器等)运转”或“操作(机器等)”。例如： The machine works by electricity. 这台机器是电动的。 Can you work this machine? 你能操作这台机器吗？ ④ 它作不可数名词时可意为“工作”。例如： He has a piece of work. 他有工作。 ⑤表示“作品”或“著作”时是可数名词
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
This is a new work of his novels. 这是他小说中的最新一部。 He has read many of Hemingway‟s works. 他读过许多海明威的作品。 1、---Can I help you, sir?
----Yes, I bought this radio here yesteray, but it _______. A didn‟t work B won‟t work C can‟t work D doesn‟t work 2、The machine won‟t ______well if not oiled properly and in time.
A serve B work C handle D improve
10. I’m now in hospital recovering from liver failure. (recovering from liver failure 是动名词短语作伴随状语) 我现在住院，患的是肝衰竭，正在恢复中。 (1) recover 作动词时有以下含义：
① 它意为“恢复健康”或“恢复体力、能力”等时常与 from 连用。
Has the manager recovered from the shock yet? 经理从那次打击中恢复过来了吗？ ② 它可表示“找回”。例如：
The police recovered the stolen jewelry. 警方找回了被偷的珠宝。
1、Mr Smith had an accident last month. Fortunately, he is ____________(recover) from the injury now. 2、He has completely _____ and will start to work next week.
A discovered B covered C recovered D uncovered
11. contain (1）盛、装
1) How much water can this bottle contain? 这个瓶子可以装多少水？ 2) The assembly hall can contain 1000 people. 礼堂可以容纳一千人。 (2)包含、包括
1) The orange contains a lot of vitamin C. 桔子富含维他命C。 2) This drink doesn‟t contain any alcohol. 这种饮料不含任何的酒精。 (3)控制（感情）= control
1) He could no longer contain his anger.他已经不能控制自己的愤怒。 2) Jane could hardly contain her laughter. 简抑制不住自己的笑声。 *Contain/ include辨析:
(1)contain表示“包含，含有，”侧重包含的内容和成分。不用进行时态。
(2)include表示“包括”，侧重包含者只是整体中的一部分。在句中常构成分词短语sth. included或including sth.。
译：三名航天员2008年9月28日安全着陆，包括翟志刚
Three astronauts landed safely on September 28,2008，including Zhai Zhigang / Zhai Zhigang included. （1）The whole book ______ 16 articles，________ four written by my father.
A．contains；including B．includes；containing C．contains；included D．containing；including
( 2 ) Thousands of works of art，the most famous paintings ________，were missing during the war.
A．including B．included C．containing D．contained
12 My mother insisted on sending me to the hospital, where I received good medical treatment. insist on\doing sth. 坚持……
The man insisted _____ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find
B. to find C. on finding
D. in finding
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
注意：insist that（从句）： 坚持……
1.表示“坚持说；坚决认为”，从句使用陈述语气。
2.表示“坚决主张；坚持要求”，that从句用虚拟语气，即：主语+ should(可省略)+动词原形。 He insisted that he_____ right, and so he insisted that his plan ______ carried out at once. A. was; be
B. be; would be C. was; was D. be; should be
13. My mother is right: don't damage your health for a slim and attractive figure. 我妈妈说得对：不要为了苗条、动人的身材而毁了自己的健康。 (1) damage 的用法
①它作动词时意为“损害”、“损伤”或“破坏”。
The heavy rain damaged the bridge. 这场大雨把桥给毁了。 Smoking can damage your health. 吸烟会损害你的健康。 ②它作为不可数名词时意为“损害”或“损失”。例如： Frost caused heavy damage. 霜冻造成了严重的损失。
Human activities are doing great damage to the earth. 人类活动正严重损害着地球。
(2) 辨析：damage, destroy, harm
① damage 可用来指不同程度的损害、破坏。例如：
Don‟t you realize the damage these chemicals are doing to our environments? 你难道没有意识到这些化学物质正在对我们的环境造成破坏吗？ ② destroy 常指毁灭性的、完全、彻底破坏。例如： All the houses were destroyed in the terrible earthquake. 在这场可怕的地震中，所有的房子都被毁掉了。 ③ harm 指身心健康受到伤害。例如：
Studying hard won‟t harm you! 努力学习对你没害处！
14. It isn’t worth it. 不值得那样。 (1) worth 的用法
① 它作介词时意为“值……钱”或“值得……”。 be worth 后加名词或代词时，表示价钱或价值。例如： This car is worth 40,000 pounds. 这辆小车值 4 万英镑。 We work hard, but it is worth it. 我们努力工作，这是值得的。 The problem is worth discussion. 这个问题值得讨论。
②be worth 后加 doing 时意为“值得做某事”。注意，doing 是动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。例如： The book is so interesting that it is well worth reading. 这本书如此有趣，非常值得一读。 ③表示很值得时，前面加well修饰（不能用very修饰）。
—What do you think of the book
—Oh, excellent. It„s well worth ______ a second time. A. to read
B. to be read C. reading
D. being read
15. We shouldn’t be embarrassed about our weight. 我们不应该因为我们的体重感到难为情。 ① embarrass 的形容词形式有两种：embarrassing 和 embarrassed。前者意为“令人尴尬的”； 后者意为“感到尴尬的”。
The firm wants to avoid any embarrassing questions about its finance.
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
这家公司力图回避有关财务方面任何使之尴尬的问题。
He was embarrassed about that stupid mistake. 他为那个愚蠢的错误而感到难为情。 ② embarrass 作动词时意为“使尴尬”。
The old woman‟s blunt questions embarrassed her, making her tongue-tied. 老妇人不客气地提出一些问题，使她很尴尬，一时语塞。 ③ embarrassment 作名词时意为“尴尬”。
He could not hide his embarrassment at his children‟s rudeness. 他无法掩饰孩子们的无礼给他带来的尴尬。
Madame Michel found herself in an _____position , and therefore she felt rather ______. A embarrasssing; embarrassed B embarrassed; embarassed C embarrassing; embarassing D embarrassed; embarrasing
16. I think you look great as you are, and you’re a wonderful person. 我觉得你目前的这个样子看上去就很棒，你是个很棒的人。 as 的用法
①句中 as you are 是 as 引导的方式状语从句，意为“照你现状”或“照你原样”。 ② as作连词，意为“按照…..的方式”
He also put a finger in his mouth just as the teacher did. 就像老师那样，他也把一个手指放进嘴里。 When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 ③ as作连词，意为“当……的时候。
He saw her as they were both getting off the bus. 两个人正下车的时候，他看到了她。 I met with my best friend as I was in Beijing. 当我在北京的时候遇到了我最好的朋友。 ④ as作连词，意为“因为”。
She stayed at home as she had no car. 她因为没有车，所以待在家里。 We all like her as she is kind. 我们都喜欢她，因为她善良。 ⑤ as作连词，意为“以至于”或“以便”。
He raised his voice so as to be heard. 他提高嗓门，好让别人听见。 ⑥ as作连词，意为“(表示让步)虽然”或“尽管”。
Tired as they were, they walked on. 尽管很累，他们还是继续走着。 ⑦ as作副词，意为“和…… 一样”。
Tom runs fast, but I run just as fast as he. 汤姆跑得快，我跑得也一样快。 ⑧ as常用于以下短语： as if / though 好像；仿佛
so as to 以便……
so / as long as 只要
1、You must do everthing_____ you _____.
A as; are told to B as; are told C like; are told D when; are told 2、-----What colour is your suitcase?
-----My suitcase is the same ______.
A like you B like yours C as you D as yours
17. Many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on a diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.
be always doing 老是干某事 ( 不表示正在进行，而有责备、讨厌、赞扬等含义 )
1、He's always helping others. __________________________。（翻译）
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
2、He's always late for school . ___________________________。（翻译）
3、You _____ television. Why not do something more active?
A always watch B are always watching C have always watching D have always been watching
Word power & Grammar and usage
精讲典析
1. I think I would like to join the dancing club as I quite like dancing. 我想我愿意参加民间舞蹈俱乐部，因为我非常喜欢跳舞。(page 46)
这是一个主从复合句，I think 是主句，其余部分是 think 的宾语从句，其中 as I quite like dancing 是一个原因状语从句。as 表示原因时，意为“因为”或“既然”，多用于表示显然、已知的理由。这种原因、理由只是附带说明。句子的着重点在于主句。例如：
I‟ll go instead of Tom as he is ill. 由于汤姆病了，我将代替他去。
3. Now he is considering taking some pills, which he thinks will help him become stronger. 现在他在考虑吃一些药，他认为这样能帮他强壮起来。(page 49)
consider 的用法：
① 它后接名词、从句、由连词引导的不定式、动词的 -ing 形式、介词短语等。例如： We have considered your application carefully, but cannot offer you the job. 我们已经仔细地考虑了你的申请，认为不能聘请你做这份工作。 We consider that you are not to blame. 我们认为不该责怪你。 We are considering going to Canada. 我们正考虑到加拿大去。
② 用于结构 consider sth. / sb. to be 或 consider sth. / sb. (as)，意为“认为某人/物是……”。 We consider this to be very important. 我们认为这非常重要。
He will be considered (as) a weak leader. 他会被认为是个软弱无能的领导。
4. However, they have side effects, which will damage your health. 但是，它们有副作用，这会损害你的健康。(page 49)
side effects 意为“副作用”。effect 在这里是名词，意为“影响”或“作用”。表示“事实上”习惯用 in effect；表示“对某人/物有影响”习惯用 have an effect on sb. / sth.。例如：
The two systems are, in effect, identical. 这两种制度实际上一模一样。 The film had quite an effect on her. 这影片对她影响极大。
The drug had an immediate effect on the pain. 这药对止痛能立刻生效。
5. I don’t think your friend should take the risk. 我认为你的朋友不应该冒这个险。(page 49) (1) 在本句中，I don‟t think 使用了否定转移的方法。当动词 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 等后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主句。例如：
I don‟t suppose that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。 I don‟t imagine that he will come. 我想他是不会来的。
think经常用于插入语，用于特殊疑问句时，应特别注意某些特殊的结构。例如：
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
What is it, do you think? 你看这是什么？
It must be a very good book, don‟t you think? 这准是一本好书，你说呢？
What do you think is the best way to keep healthy? 你认为保持健康的最好方法是什么? (page 41) Which do you think is more important, eating well or doing exercise? 你认为吃得好和锻炼哪一个更重要? (page 45)
(2) take the risk 意为“冒险”。risk 后可接 of doing sth. ，即 risk of doing sth. 意为“冒险做某事”，还可用 at risk 表示“处于危险中”。例如：
There‟s no risk of her failing. 她不会有失败的危险。
You shouldn‟t underestimate the risks of the enterprise. 你不应低估这一计划的风险。 The whole future of the company is at risk. 公司的整个前途处于威胁中。
语法知识: 非限制性定语从句和反义疑问句 一、非限制性定语从句 1. 非限制性定语从句概说
非限制性定语从句是对主语内容的补充，通过用逗号与主语分开，如果去掉，并不影响主句的意思。翻译成中文的时候，往往翻译成两句话。例如：
The note was left by John, who was here a moment ago. 这条子是约翰留的，他刚才还在这儿。
2. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
① that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。只能用 who 或 whom 指人，用 which 指物，用 which 或 as 指代一句话。例如：
Tom sold his house, which made his father very angry. 汤姆卖掉了他的房子，这使他父亲很生气。 ② as 引导的定语从句指代一句话，可以放在句首、句中或句末，·译为“好像”或“正如¡¡”例如： As everyone knows, the weather here can be very cold during summer. 众所周知，这里的夏天非常冷。
③ 用 “all / some of... + whom / which”可以表达完全或部分性质。例如： Many people, some of whom are not overweight, are going on diets. 一部分并不是很胖的人正在节食减肥。
④ 用 whose 时，可以和关系词 which 或 whom 换用。例如：
Please pass me the book, whose cover is black. = Please pass me the book, the cover of which is black. 请给我封面是黑色的那本书。
3. as 与 which 引导定语从句时的区别
① 引导限制性定语从句时，在such, as, the same后只能用as，其他情况用 which。例如： It‟s the same story as I heard yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天听到的一样。 This is the photo which shows my house. 这张照片拍的是我的住宅。 ② 引导非限制性定语从句时，有时两者可互换。例如：
I live a long way from work, as / which you know. 我住得离工作单位很远，这你是知道的。 ③ 当从句位于主句前面时，只能用 as。例如：
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月绕地球转一周，这是每个人都清楚的。
④ as 引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，which 无此限制。例如：
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
He went abroad, as / which was expected. 他出国了，这是大家预料到的。
He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。(不用 as)
⑤ as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词，而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念，而 which 则无此限制。例如：
The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as)
⑥ 当 as 引导非限制性定语从句做主语时，其谓语通常应是连系动词，而不宜是其他动词，而 which 则无此限制。例如：
She has married again, as / which seemed natural. 她又结婚了，这似乎很自然。 She has married again, which delighted us. 她又结婚了，这使我们很高兴。(不用 as)
4. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
① 形式不同。限制性定语从句的主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿，而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。
② 功能不同。限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。例如：
People who take physical exercise live longer.
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去掉，句意仍然完整)
③ 翻译不同。在翻译定语从句时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限制性定语从句与主句分开。例如：
He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
I‟ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 ④ 含义不同。试比较：
I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个当医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)
⑤ 先行词不同。限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子。另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性质的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。例如：
Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which 指 drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which 指整个主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week.
我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad.
她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。(先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰)
⑥ 关系词不同。关系词 that 和 why 可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句。另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。
二、反意疑问句 1. 反意疑问句概说
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
反意疑问句通常由“陈述句 + 简略疑问句”组成，第一部分提出一种看法，第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式通常彼此相反。
2. 反意疑问句的否定问题 ① 基本原则
在通常情况下，陈述部分与疑问部分彼此相反，即陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式；陈述部分为否定式时，疑问部分用肯定式。例如：
He has read the novel, hasn‟t he? 他读过这本小说，是吗？ Jim didn‟t come to the meeting, did he? 吉姆没有来开会，是吗？ ② 当陈述部分含否定词或半否定词时
若陈述部分含有 seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, nothing, nowhere 等否定词或半否定词，其反意疑问句部分要用肯定式：
Dick rarely got drunk, did he? 迪克很少喝醉，是吗？
Few people like such a man, do they? 很少有人会喜欢那样的人，是吗？ He seldom comes to see you, does he? 他很少来看你，是吗？
Nothing in the book is interesting, is it? 这本书里没有一点是有趣的，是吗？ ③ 当陈述部分含否定前缀时
若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词，反意疑问句仍用否定式： It is unfair, isn‟t it? 这不公平，是吗？ It is impossible, isn‟t it? 那是不可能的，是吗？
3. 反意疑问句的主语问题 ① 基本原则
反意疑问句部分的主语应与陈述部分的主语一致，且只能是代词。例如： 误：Paris is a beautiful city, isn‟t Paris? 正：Paris is a beautiful city, isn‟t it? 巴黎是个美丽的城市，是吗？ ② 当陈述部分为 there be 句型时
当陈述部分为 there be 句型时反意疑问句用引导词 there 代替“主语”。例如： There is little to be done now, is there? 现在没有什么办法可想了，是吗？ ③ 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词时
当陈述部分的主语是指示代词时，反意疑问句的主语分别用 it, they 等代词。例如： That is a new car, isn‟t it? 这是一辆新车，是吗？ They are bikes, aren‟t they? 它们是自行车，是吗？ ④ 当陈述部分的主语是不定代词 one 时
当陈述部分的主语是不定代词 one 时，其反意疑问句可用 one(正式)或 you(非正式)。例如： One can‟t be too careful, can one / you? 越仔细越好，是吗？ ⑤ 当陈述部分的主语是复合不定代词时
若陈述部分的主语为 somebody, someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody 等复合不定代词，其反意疑问句的主语在正式文体中用 he，在口语或非正式文体中通常用 they。例如：
Nobody was hurt, were they? 没有一个人受伤，是吗？
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
⑥ 当陈述部分的主语是 something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词时，其反意疑问句的主语要用 it。例如：
Nothing is important, is it? 没有什么重要的，是吗？ Everything was going well, wasn‟t it？一切都很顺利，是吗？
4. 陈述部分有动词 have 的反意疑问句
① 当 has，have 为助动词时，其反意疑问句沿用同样的助动词 has 或 have。例如： He has read it, hasn‟t he? 他读过了它，是吗？
The students have cleaned the classroom, haven‟t they? 学生们已¾打扫了教室，是吗？
② 当 have 为实意动词时，要分两种情况：若表示“所有”，反意疑问句的动词则根据主语的情况分别用 has, does, have 或 do；如果是过去式则用 had 或 did。若表示“吃”或“玩”等意思时，反意疑问句的动词则只能分别用 does 或 do；如果是过去式，动词只能用 did。例如：
He has a lot of friends here, hasn‟t / doesn‟t he? 他在这儿有许多朋友，是吗？ He doesn‟t have any money, does he? 他没有钱，是吗？
He had a good time at the party, didn‟t he? 他在晚会上玩得很开心，是吗？
5. 含情态动词的反意疑问句 ① 基本原则
在通常情况下，当陈述部分含有情态动词时，反意疑问句会重复前面同样的情态动词。例如：The boy can read and write, can‟t he? 这男孩会读写，是吗？ We shouldn‟t help him, should we? 我们不应该帮助他，对吗？ You couldn‟t lend me any money, could you? 你不会借钱给我，对吗？ ② 当陈述部分含有 must 时
当陈述部分含有 must 时，要分两种情况：若 must 表示“必须”或“有必要”，反意疑问句的动词用 must；若 must 表示推测，反意疑问句的动词不能用 must，而应根据 must 的动词的主语的人称分别用 is 或 are。例如：
You must leave at once, mustn‟t you? 他必须马上离开，是吗？ You mustn‟t laugh, must you? 你不准笑，知道吗？ He must be tired, isn‟t he? 他一定累了，是吗？ You must be tired, aren‟t you? ③ 当陈述部分含有 may 时
当陈述部分含有 may 时，反意疑问句根据情况可用 mayn‟t, mightn‟t, won‟t 等。例如： I may leave now, mayn‟t I? 我可以走了，行吗？
He may be here next week, mightn‟t / won‟t he? 他下星期可能来这里，是吗？ ④ 当陈述部分含有 needn‟t 时
当陈述部分含有 needn‟t 时，反意疑问句通常用 need，有时也用 must。例如： We needn‟t tell him, need / must we? 我们不必告诉他，对吗？
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
⑤ 当陈述部分含有 ought to 时
当陈述部分含有 ought to 时，反意疑问句在英国英语中用 ought to，在美国英语中用 should。例如：
We ought to leave early, oughtn‟t / shouldn‟t we? 我们应该早点动身，对不对？
6. 陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句 ① 基本原则
若陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问句通常用 will you, won‟t you, would you 等；若陈述部分为否定式，则反意疑问句部分只能用 will you。例如：
Mail the letter today, will you? 今天就把信寄掉，好吗？
Try to be back by two o‟clock, won‟t you? 设法两点之前回来，好吗？ If you want help, let me know, would you? 如果你需要帮助，告诉我，好吗？ Don‟t forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信，好吗？ ② 当祈使句为 Let‟s... 时
当祈使句为 Let‟s... 时，反意疑问句总是用 shall we。例如： Let‟s phone her now, shall we? 我们现在就给她打电话，好吗？ Let‟s go to the cinema tonight, shall we? 今晚咱们去看电影，好吗？ ③ 当祈使句为 Let us... 时
若表示请求，反意疑问句用 will you；若表示建议，反意疑问句用 shall we。例如： Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗？ Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳，好吗？ ④ 当祈使句带有主语时
有时祈使句带有自己的主语，此时不要将其误认为是陈述句，例如： Jim, you go there to help him, will you? 吉姆，你去那儿帮他，好吗？ You girls stand in the front row, will you? 你们女孩子站在前排，好吗？
7. 反意疑问句的回答及翻译 ① 肯定反意疑问句的回答
当陈述部分为否定式，反意疑问句为肯定式时，其回答往往与汉语不一致，需特别引起注意。例如：
A: It isn‟t cheap, is it? 它不便宜，是吗？ B: Yes, it is. 不，很便宜。
A: He doesn‟t love her, does he? 他不爱她，是吗？ B: No, he doesn‟t. 是的，他不爱她。 ② 否定反意疑问句的回答
当陈述部分为肯定式，反意疑问句为否定式时，其回答一般不会造成困难，一般只需照情况回答即可。例如：
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
A: It‟s new, isn‟t it? 是新的，是吗？ B: Yes, it is. 对，是新的。
A: He wants to go, doesn‟t he? 他想去，是吗？ B: No, he doesn‟t. 不，他不想去。 ③ 回答反意疑问句的原则
回答反意疑问句通常应根据实际情况来确定。如有人问你 You are asleep, aren‟t you? 你应回答 No, I‟m not. 因为既然你能回答，肯定你还没有 asleep。但如果别人问你 You aren‟t asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着，对吗)，你也只能回答No, I‟m not.(是的，还没有睡着)，而不能回答为Yes, I‟m not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am.
课堂作业
Ⅰ. 写出各项体育项目的名称。 1. badminton 3. shooting 5. squash 7. weightlifting 9. baseball
Ⅱ. 单项选择。
1. They will fly to Washington, A they plan to stay for two or three days.（2008重庆） A. where A. which
A. where
A. none of them
A. that
B. there
C. which
D. when D. where
2. I‟ll give you my friend‟s home address, D I can be reached most evenings. （2008北京卷）
B. when C. whom B. that
3. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, __D_ there won‟t be much work. (2008海春招)
C. by which D. without which
D. neither of whom
4. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ___D___ wanted to buy it. (2007安徽卷)
B. both of them C. none of whom
5. We shouldn‟t spent our money testing so many people, most of __D__ are healthy (2007北京卷)
B. which C. what D. whom
6. He was educated at the local high school, ___A__ he went on to Beijing University. (2007江苏卷) A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that
7. It is reported that two schools, ___D__ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. [2007 四川卷]
A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which
8. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, __D__ wanted to buy it. (2007 安徽卷) A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom
9. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, __D__ they learn simple games and songs. (2007 全国卷)
A. then B. there C. while D. where
10. Eric received training in computer for one year, ___B__ he found a job in a big company. (2007辽宁卷)
A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this
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羽毛球 射击 壁球 举重 棒球
2. triathlon 4. aerobics 6. boxing 8. fencing
三项全能 有氧健身操 拳击 击剑 排球
10. volleyball
李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
Ⅲ. 单项选择。
1. You didn‟t use to like him much when we were at school, ___C___? (2008上海春招) A. were we B. weren‟t we C. did you D. didn‟t you 2. He hardly ever speaks to you in English, __ A__? A. does he
B. doesn‟t he
C. can he
D. can‟t he
3. It‟s a fine day. Let‟s go fishing, __D__? A. won‟t we
B. will we
C. don‟t we
D. shall we
4. Don‟t smoke in the meeting-room, __B__? A. do you
B. will you
C. can you
D. could you
5. Be sure to write to us, ___A___? A. will you
B. aren‟t you C. can you
D. mustn‟t you
6. Alice, you feed the bird today, ___B___? A. do you
B. will you
C. didn‟t you
D. don‟t you
7. His wife had the front door painted green yesterday, ___C___ she? A. did
B. had
C. didn‟t
D. hadn‟t
8. If I knew the answer, I wouldn‟t be asking, ___C___? A. didn‟t I
B. did I
C. would I
D. wouldn‟t I
9. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, __D__? A. did they
B. didn‟t they
C. did it
D. didn‟t it
. 10. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, __C___. (2007全国卷)
A. do you B. can we C. will you D. shall we
Task & Project
精讲典析
1. What’s more, or the next two weeks we are offering 1 month free membership. 另外，在以后的两个星期中，我们将提供一个月的免费会员资格。(page 52)
(1) what‟s more在口语中用作插入语，用来加强句与句之间的联系，其意义是要看具体的语境，有多种不同的意思。例如：
He has got high marks in Chinese. And what‟s more, his maths is full mark. 他的语文得了高分，还有，他的数学也是满分！ I have lost my bag. And what‟s more, my car is stolen.
我的包丢了，更倒霉的是，我的车子又被盗了。
He is friendly to his classmates. And what‟s more, he studies very well. 他对班上同学很友好，而且，他学习也挺好。
(2)afford 的用法
afford 是及物动词，常与 can 或 could 连用，表示“有时间或经济条件做……”。 ① 其后跟不定式。例如：
We can afford to buy the apartment. 我们买得起那套公寓。
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
I can‟t afford to see you off. 我不能去送你了。
② 其后跟名词或代词时，意为“出得起”或“买得起”。例如：
I can‟t afford that kind of car by now. 到目前为止，我还买不起那种汽车。 What you said is meaningless, because I can‟t afford so much money. 你说那么多毫无意义，因为我出不起这个钱。
2. Join us and make the most of this special offer! 赶快行动！现在就加入我们，充分利用这一次特价酬宾！(page 52)
make the most of 意为 “充分利用”。例如：
You have never made the most of all the chances. 你从来没有好好利用过到手的机会。
3. My friends laugh at me a lot and call me names. 我的朋友总是嘲笑我，(page 57) 还给我起外号。call sb. names 意为“骂人”。例如：
The couple lost their tempters and called one another names. 这对夫妇都发脾气了，开始对骂。 Don‟t call him names! 别骂他！
4. But, the good news is that you can feel better, look better and have more energy if you eat the right food and exercise regularly. 但好消息是，如果你合理饮食、经常锻炼，会感觉更好，气色更好，而且精力越发充沛。(page 57)
(1) energy 的用法
① 它作不可数名词时意为“活力”、“力量”或“能源”。例如：
Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人通常比老年人更有活力。 We should make full use of the energy of the sun. 我们应充分利用太阳能。 ② 它作可数名词时意为“精力(常用作复数)。例如：
He devoted his energies to the task. 他把精力用在这项任务上。 (2) regularly 用作副词，意为“定期地”或“有规律地”。例如：
The club meets regularly once a fortnight. 俱乐部每两个星期开一次例会。
5. If you take in the correct number of calories and exercise regularly, you will lose weight, keep fit, and feel great. 如果你摄入适量的卡路里，并且经常锻炼，你就会减轻体重，保持健康状态，感觉很棒。(page 58)
take in 的用法
① 意为“吸收” 或 “让……进入”。例如：
If you take in some porridge, you will feel better. 如果你喝点粥，你会感觉好一点。 ② 意为“收留”、“收容”或“收养”。例如：
Brett‟s always taking in stray animals. 布莱特总是收留那些走失的动物。 ③ 意为“包括”。例如：
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
The price takes in the cost of all the accommo-dation and food. 这个价格包括了食宿等一切费用。
④ take sth. in 意为“领会某事”、“理解某事”或“记住某事”。例如： I told Grandpa we were going away, but I don‟t think he took it in. 我告诉爷爷我们要走了，但我认为他没听明白。 ⑤ be taken in 意为“被骗”。例如：
I was completely taken in by his touching story. 我完全被他令人感动的谎话欺骗了。
6. During your teenage years, it is important to give your body the energy it needs. 在青少年时期，给予身体所需要的足够能量是很重要的。(page 58)
“It is + adj. + to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做……怎么样”，it 为形式主语。动词不定式才是真正的主语。
该句型还可以有以下几种形式： ① It is + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.
for sb. 前应是表事物性质的形容词如 different, easy, hard, dangerous, necessary, strange, pleasant, funny, impossible, important 等。sb.和这些形容词逻辑主谓关系不能成立。例如：
It is important (for us) to learn English well. 对于我们来说，学好英语很重要。 We are important.逻辑主谓关系不能成立。
It is dangerous for children to bathe in the river. 孩子们在那条河里洗澡是危险的。 Children are dangerous.逻辑主谓关系不能成立。 ② It is + adj. + (of sb.) to do sth.
of sb. 前应是表性格特征的形容词如 clever, kind, good, brave, foolish, stupid, careless, honest, nice, rude, polite, wise, lazy, wrong, selfish, cruel 等。其逻辑主谓关系能够成立。例如：
It is kind of you to say so. 你们这么说真是太好了。 You are kind. 逻辑主谓关系能够成立。
It was very polite of Mary to offer her seat in the bus to the old lady. 玛丽在公共汽车上将座位让给那位老妇人，真有礼貌。 Marry is polite.逻辑主谓关系能够成立。
但应注意形容词right, wrong后接for sb和of sb都对。
It is right/wrong for/of you to do that. 对你来说这样做是对的/错的。 ③ It is + n. + to do sth. 例如：
It is a mistake to do it in this way. 用这种办法做是错误的。
It is not an easy thing to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语是不容易的事。 ④ It + v. + to do sth. 例如：
It took us five hours to get there. =Getting there took us five hours. 到达那儿花了我们5个小时。 It requires patience to teach children. 教育孩子需要耐心。
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
7. Teenage girls need about 2,200 calories a day and boys need a bit more—doctors suggest 2,800 for teenage boys. 女孩子在青少年时期每天需要 2,200 卡路里，男孩子则需要更多的热量——医生建议每天吸收 2,800 卡路里。(page 58)
(1) a bit 的用法
① a bit 意为“有点儿”或“稍微”，相当于 a little，可以单独用，也可以接形容词。例如： Could you turn the radio down a bit, please? 请把收音机的音量稍微调低一点儿好吗？ I think you‟re a bit young to be watching this. 我想你年纪还小，不适合看这个。 ② a bit of 意为“有点儿”，后接名词。例如：
I had a bit of shock when I got home. 我回到家时感到有点儿震惊。
(2) suggest 的用法
① 意为“建议”或“提议”。其后常接名词、代词、动名词或that从句。注意，从句谓语习惯用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，should 可省略。例如：
If this is not convenient, please suggest another one. 如果这个日期不方便，那就请选另一个日子吧。
John suggested going together in one car. 约翰建议大家坐同一辆汽车去。 I suggest that he (should) clean the classroom. 我建议他打扫教室。
② 意为“暗示”、“表明”或“提出某看法”时，其后常接名词、代词或 that 从句。注意，从句中习惯用陈述语气。
Her pale face suggested she was ill. 她苍白的脸表明她病了。 The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family members. 警察当局提出窃贼可能是这家人中的一员。
8. Exercise is something that can help to make you look good, feel good and healthy. 锻炼可以使你气色好、感觉好而且身体健康。(page 58)
不定代词 something 作先行词，被 that 引导的定语从句修饰，也可换用 which(但其他的不定代词如 all, anything, nothing, everything, little, much 等则只能用 that 引导的定语从句修饰)；that 或 which 若在从句中作宾语可省略。
There is something (that / which) we can do with pollution. 我们可以对付污染。
He overheard something that / which shocked him a lot. 他无意中听到一件使他非常震惊的事。
9. Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports. 行走和骑自行车算，在学校里进行的体育活动也算。(page 58)
(1) 在这个句子中 walking and riding 是动名词短语作主语；第二个 and 连接两个并列句；so do school sports 是倒装句。
(2) count 作动词的用法
① 意为“包括”、“算是”或“计算在内”。例如：
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
There are five people in my family counting my grandparents. 我家有五口人，包括我爷爷奶奶在内。 ② 意为“有价值”或“有重要性”。例如：
It is not how much you read but what you read that counts. 重要的不是你读了多少而是你读了什么。
¡”。例如： ③ 意为“以为”或“认为”；“count sb. (as) + 名词/形容词”意为“把某人认为/视为¡I count you (as) my dearest friend. 我把你当作我最亲的朋友。
(3)“so + 助动词/系动词/情态动词 + 主语”表示上述肯定情况也适用于该主语。例如： I was at the Center School last year. So was my friend Bob. 去年我在中心学校，我朋友鲍勃也是。 其他类似结构还有：
①“Neither / Nor + 助动词/系动词/情态动词+ 主语”表示上述否定情况也适用于该句主语。例如： I don‟t go to school today. Neither / Nor does he. 今天我不上学，他也不上。
②“It is the same with + 名词/代词宾格”或“So it is with + 名词/代词宾格”，表示上述综合的情况(肯定和否定的混合或没有统一的助动词)也适用于该主语。例如：
Tom is a good student and he does well in his studies. It is the same with John. / So it is with John. 汤姆是个好学生，他学习很好。约翰也是如此。
③ “So + 主语 + 助动词/系动词/情态动词”表示对上述情况的赞同或证实，前后主语一致。例如： A: Tom does speak Japanese well. 汤姆的日语的确说得很好。 B: So he does and so do you. 他确实如此，你也一样。 ④“主语 + 动词 + so”表示做了前文所述的事情。例如：
He asked me to stay at home and I did so. 他让我待在家里，我照做了。
10. If you follow the suggestion above, you will look and feel much better in no time at all.如果你能遵守以上建议，用不了多久你就会气色好、感觉棒！(page 58)
in no time 的用法
① 意为“立刻”或“马上”。例如：
As soon as the bell rang, he was outside in no time. 铃声一响，他就立刻冲了出去。 ② 如以 in no time 开头时，句子的主谓部分需倒装。例如：
As soon as the bell rang, in no time did he run out. 铃一响，他就立刻跑出去了。
at all times(随时，on time(准时)，in time(按时)，③ 其他相关短语有 at no time(在任何时候都不)，总是)，all in good time(完全来得及，别急)。
课堂作业 单项选择。
1. Before building a house, you‟ll have to ___D___ the government permission(允许). A. get from
B. follow
C. receive
D. ask for
2.—How do you keep_____？
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
—I keep ___A__ every day.
A. fit; working hard B. fit; working out C. fitting; working out D. fitting; working hard 3. Since he ___C___ exercise, he has ___C___ a lot of weight. He‟s rather fat. A. gave in; put on
B. gave up; lost
C. gave up; put on
D. gave away; added
4. I regret ___A___ that you‟ve failed the exam, but what you should do now is not regret ______ so much time playing but seize the time from now on.
A. to say; spending
B. saying; to spend
C. to say; to spend
D. saying; spending
5.—It‟s burning hot today, isn‟t it?
—Yes. ___A___ yesterday （2006福建）
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it 6. People pay more and more attention to their diet, so that they can ___C__ their bodies. A. set up
B. put up
C. build up
D. make up
7. Her parents do not allow her to take weight-loss pills, however, she bought them ___B___. A. in secretly
B. in secrets
C. in a secret
D. in secret
8. ___B___ everybody is here, let‟s begin the party with singing and dancing together. A. Because
B. Since
C. As
D. For
9. When he lived next door years ago, I never saw him ___A___ in the morning or in the evening at weekends, but he still kept healthy.
A. work out
B. carry out
C. get out
D. give out
10. She was busy _ D__ in her room without noticing me when I entered that day with my younger sister. A. standing on her hands B. losing weight
Ⅱ. 用下列方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
affect control recognize skip count consider lift concentrate follow risk 1. Mother recognized her lost daughter at the first sight in the crowd in the square near the railway station. 2. He set out to work without considering whether it would bring him success. 3. He risked his life when he saved the child from the fire. 4. All the electrical equipment in this factory is controlled by computers. 5. The general decided to concentrate his forces near the capital. 6. The government called on us to follow his example. 7. This book effected a change in my opinion. 8. He wasn‟t working very hard when he was at college. He often skipped classes to play computer games in Internet cafes.
9. It is not quantity but quality that counts. 10. The children trapped in the fire were lifted by helicopter（直升飞机）from the burning building.
Ⅲ根据句意及提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. Good team sports will help you build up your strength (strong). 2. We meet regularly (regular)to discuss the progress of the project. 3. I‟d like to hear your suggestion (suggest) for ways of raising money. 4. A gentle form of exercise will increase your ability (able) to relax. 5. She got upset by her failure (fail) in the exam.
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C. staying slim D. exercising
李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
6. Weight-loss pills contain a harmful (harm)chemical that caused one‟s liver to fail. 7. Alice is getting slimmer(slim)and healthier right now, I think. 8. It is said that good health is priceless (price)for it is something money doesn‟t bring. 9. You haven't done the job properly(proper)— you‟ll have to do it again.
10. He was trying to work out how he could go back home without losing (loss)face.
Ⅳ.选用下列方框中的短语填空。
in the long term, as a matter of, in no time, in secret, along with, according to, a good amount of, what‟s more, as usual, side effect 1. I got up at six that morning as usual. 2. Along with the letters there are answers written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems.
3. We must aim for world peace in the long term. 4.New ways are less damaging to the environment and a good amount of time can be saved 5. He gets up at six in the morning according to his lifestyle. 6. The medication can have side effects on the patient. 7. Yes, that‟s right. They‟ll be there in no time. 8. They hope, as a matter of, to kill two birds with one stone. 9. What‟s more, there is nothing in the bathroom.
10. They made their plans in secret to harm the actress and the host.
Ⅴ. 单句改错。
1. He told us about the countries where he had visited. 2. Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.
(where → that / which) (where → which) (when → that / which) (that → where) (去掉there) (that → which) (which → where) (when → that / which)
3. The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten. 4. The house stands at the place that the two roads meet.
5. We shall visit the college where his father teaches there. 6. He left me the book, that is very useful for me. 7. This is the room which food is kept.
8. April 15, 1976 is the day when we‟ll never forget.
Ⅵ. 句型转换，根据要求改写句子。
1. Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. (对划线部分提问) What did Lucy ask him to do? 2. They will finish building the house in two weeks. (对»线部分提问) How soon will they finish building the house?
3. Mary does her homework at home in Sunday. (改为一般疑问句) Does Mary do her homework at home on Sunday?
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
4. The old man can hardly dress himself. (改为反意疑问句) The old man can hardly dress himself, can he? 5. It‟s ten minutes‟ walk from my home to the school. (对»线部分提问) How far is it from your home to the school? 6. She is going to be a nurse in the future. (对划线部分提问) What is she going to be in the future? 7. Allan will go back to England by plane next month. (对»线部分提问) How will Allan go back to England next month? 8. We‟ll have a class meeting this afternoon. (改为一般疑问句). Will you have a class meeting this afternoon? 9. John went to see his grandmother once a week. (对»线部分提问) How often did John go to see his grandmother?
10. Jim is ill. Let‟s go and see him after school. (改为反意疑问句) Jim is ill. Let‟s go and see him after school, shall we? 11. I don‟t think his father knows English. (改为反意疑问句) His father hardly knows English, dose he? 12. She did very well in her English exam. (改为一般疑问句). Did she do very well in her English exam? 13. I have been to Beijing twice. (对»线部分提问) How many times have you been to Beijing? 14. He thinks his aunt is right. (改为反意疑问句) He thinks his aunt is right, doesn‟t he? 15. Linda‟s just come back from America. (改为反意疑问句) Linda‟s just come back from America, hasn‟t she?
Ⅶ. 阅读理解。
A
10 Ways To Lose Weight
1. Take one step at a time
Start by paying attention to what you eat. Eat less fat and sweets but more fruit and vegetables. After you have that under control, and exercise. If you hate to exercise, try it for only 15 minutes a day at first, and then for half an hour. Keep in mind that while you are exercising, you are burning calories and not eating. Also, it will be easier if you choose an activity that you enjoy.
2. Find a friend
It is always good to have support when you are trying to lose weight. Find a friend who wants to lose weight, you can even have a contest.
3. Work out
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
Working out will build muscles(肌肉). Also, muscles take up space than fat, so you will be smaller (but probably weigh more).
4. Set a goal
Set a deadline(最后期限) to lose the weight and write it down. For example, I will lose 10 kilograms in 2008. Put it somewhere you will see it daily.
5. Drink lots of water
Drink water when you are feeling hungry and you will get that “full” feeling. 6. Don‟t buy junk food
When you go shopping, don‟t go on an empty stomach and you will be less likely to buy junk food. Keep your home “junk food free” so you won‟t be tempted(诱惑) to eat.
7. Eat breakfast
Use most of your calories early in the day and always eat breakfast. Don‟t eat after 8 p.m. You will not only avoid those added calories but also sleep better.
8. Give yourself a treat and measure your food
When you tell yourself that you can‟t have something, you want it more. Give yourself a treat once a day and you won‟t feel you missing out. If you decide to have something to eat, be sure to measure and control what you eat.
9. Use smaller bowls and plates
Persuade yourself into believing that you are eating more by using smaller bowls and plates. 10. Form good habits
It is a known fact that when we do something twenty-times it becomes a habit. You should form good eating habits.
Questions:
1. Which of the above ways do you think is suitable for you? 略 (学生根据个人情况作答)
2. Do you think that teenagers should lose weight? Give your reasons. 略 (学生根据个人情况作答)
Ⅷ. 写作练习
从给出的 A 至 E 中选出适当的选项填入文章的空白处，使文章连贯。
A. If you are not making progress, ask a personal trainer to analyze your plan and your goals. B. Don‟t expect fast results.
C. Instead, think of them as clues to how you can improve.
D. Knowing where you‟re going makes it easier to take the right steps. E. Gather the important people in your life into your fitness group.
Tips on Keeping Fit
You‟ve been working for fitness for a long time, but you don‟t come any closer to your fitness goals. So now
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
it‟s time to have a look at your fitness plan.
You may try the tips below for creating a smart fitness plan.
Firstly, define(明确) your goal. Whether it‟s to lose weight or gain muscle, it‟s important to have a goal to work towards. 1 D Be realistic. Training gains are met through continuous(不断的) efforts over a period of time. 2 B Reward yourself for all the little positive step you take and for continuous efforts forward.
Be yourself. Work toward a goal that you can achieve with your body. Don‟t try to change your basic shape. Take a right look at yourself, and then work to improve what you‟ve got rather than try to become someone else.
Do some research. 3 A Read some health and fitness magazines. There‟s a lot of great fitness information there, which may help you to adjust(调整) your goals and your fitness plan.
Pick out your weakness rather than try to neglect them. Many people avoid their weak points or bad habits, hoping that they can ignore them. 4 C Keep a food and fitness journal for a month. Then analyze (分析) it. If you always eat a lot late at night, you may try going to a late night movie to get your mind off food. If you tend to eat a lot on weekends, plan some fun exercise with friends to avoid eating too much.
Create a fitness network. 5 E Take part in healthy activities with your group members and eat healthy food. You‟ll all be leading one another toward healthier bodies and minds
Extended reading
在阅读的过程中，我们有可能遇见含有 however 或 but 的句子。当看到这两个单词时，我们就可以猜测接下来的句子要表达的内容。例如：
I‟ve lost 7kg in the last two months. However, sometimes I feel tired and weak.
7 过去的两个月我的体重减掉了 公斤。然而，我有时感到疲倦和虚弱。(page 42, lines 10—11) I‟m so sorry to hear about your problems, but I‟m glad you‟re feeling better and are recovering.
很遗憾地听说你的问题，但是我很高兴你现在感觉好多了，而且正在恢复之中。(page 43, lines 34—35)
有一个规律可以较好地帮助我们理解含有 however 或 but 的句子，那就是：however 或 but 之前所表达的感情与它们之后要表达的感情通常是相反的。弄清楚了表达转折的关键词的含义后，我们阅读文章时就会很顺利地理解它想表达的意思。
在阅读中，我们不可避免地会碰到一些生词。若我们不认识这些单词，就会影响我们对文章的理解。接下来，给同学们介绍一些可以猜测出生词词义的好办法。如果同学们能够掌握一些猜词技巧猜出生词的含义，就可以有助于对文章的理解。
1. 通过构词法知识猜测词义
掌握一定的构词法知识有助于我们的阅读。这样，对于阅读中遇到的有些生词，我们就可以根据构词法知识来猜测其含义。例如：
A: Are you having breakfast or lunch?
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
B: Oh, I am having brunch.
句中的 brunch 为生词，但我们却可以根据构词法知识猜出其含义，它是由 breakfast 和 lunch 两词采用截留法构成的，取的是 breakfast 的前两个字母 br- 和 lunch 的后四个字母 -unch，故其意为“早午餐合而为一餐，早中饭”。
2. 通过文中的定义猜测词义
有时，文中已就生词采取直接定义的方法来解释和阐明生词的词义，以帮助读者理解其含义。用来下定义的常用句型是：被定义词 + is + 定义；被定义词 + means / is known as... 等。例如：
① “Diligent” means “hard-working” here.
② A president is known as the head of a country or university.
第①句中的 diligent 通过 hard-working 来定义，其含义非常明了，意为“努力的”。 第②句中的 president 通过其定义可知意为“国家首脑”或“大学校长”。
3. 通过文中的解释猜测词义
有时，生词可通过文中所给的解释、注解来猜出其含义。句型“A + is another way of saying + B”可以用来解释生词。用来表示释义的有 that is, namely, in other words, i.e. 等。这就要求同学们在阅读中善于把握这些信息。例如：
“Glance” is another way of saying “look”.
通过句型，我们可以知道句中的 glance 为 look 的同义词，从而可猜出其含义。
4. 通过同义词猜测词义
有时，在行文中可能会同时出现某一生词的同义词，这时，我们就可通过其同义词来猜测该生词的含义。例如：
The old woman has a strange habit(习惯) to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her an eccentric lady.
通过上下文可知 eccentric 为 strange 的同义词或近义词，由此可猜出 eccentric 的含义为“怪的”或“古怪的”。
5. 通过反义词猜测词义
有时，在行文中可能会同时出现某一生词的反义词，此时，我们就可通过这些词来猜测该生词的含义。例如：
Be punctual when you are going to a party. Never be late.
文中 punctual 一词的含义，可通过上下文间的逻辑关系判定 late(迟到)为其反义词，既而猜出其意为“准时的”。
6. 通过举例或实例猜测词义
在阅读中，我们经常会在短文中碰到 for example, such as, as... as, e.g. 等用于举例之类的词语，它对我们猜
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
测生词词义也有很大帮助。例如：
There is little furniture in the room. For example, there is no TV set, no fridge, no electric fans. There is even no desk in it. There is only a bed and a chair and piles of books on the floor.
可通过后两句所举的例子猜出 furniture 意为“家具”。 另外，还可利用上下文提供的实例来推测词义。例如：
Tom is often voracious. One day he ate as much as three pounds of meat. 汤姆¾常是狼吞虎咽的，有一天他吃了 3 磅肉。
由后一句“有一天他吃了 3 磅肉”，我们可以猜测 voracious 意为“贪吃的”。
7. 根据上下文间的逻辑关系猜测词义
我们还可以通过同类词来猜出生词的(大致)含义。例如：
She brought out a lot of things for us to eat—apples, pears, bananas, grapes, mangoes and some biscuits. 句中的 grape, mango, biscuit 均为不熟悉的词，但根据“她拿出许多东西给我们吃”以及 apple, pear, banana 等词，不难猜出这些均为食物。
He is a millionaire. He has a lot of money. Every year he travels to other countries with his family. He even plans a trip into space.
通过上下文，我们不难猜出 millionaire 意为 “a man with a lot of money”。
8. 根据常识或已有的生活¾历来猜测词义
有时，结合生活常识或自己的生活体验，也可以猜出一些生词的含义。例如：
The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel. “门很矮”，头肯定是撞到门的“横梁(lintel)”上。
阅读实战
阅读文章，猜测词义。
How to Keep Healthy
Eat a variety of foods, especially fruits and vegetables.
You may have a favorite food, but the best choice is to eat a variety. If you eat different foods, you‟re more likely to get the nutrients your body needs. Some foods, such as green vegetables, are more pleasing when you get older. Shoot for five servings of fruits and vegetables a day—two fruits and three vegetables.
Drink water and milk most often.
When you are really thirsty, cold water is the No. 1 choice.
Kids need calcium to grow strong bones, and milk is a great source of this mineral. How much do kids need? About 800 milligrams each day if you‟re 6 to 8 and 1300 milligrams if you‟re 9 or older. But try to limit sugary drinks, like sodas, juice cocktails, and fruit punches. They contain a lot of added sugar. Sugar just adds calories, not important nutrients.
Limit screen time.
What‟s screen time? It‟s the amount of time you spend watching TV, DVDs, and videos, playing
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
handheld computer games, and using the computer. The more time you spend on these sitting-down activities, the less time available for activities, like basketball, bike riding and swimming. Try to spend no more than 2 hours a day on screen time.
Be active.
Find ways to be active every day. Not everyone loves baseball, or soccer, maybe your favorite is boxing, or kickball, or dancing. Ask your parents to help you do your favorite activities regularly. You might even write down a list of fun activities to do. So you can refer to it when your mom or dad says it‟s time to stop watching TV or playing computer games!
1. What does the underlined word “calcium” mean in the text? A. 钙
B. 铁
C. 微量元素 D. 锌
C
A
2. What‟s the Chinese meaning of “screen time” in the text? A. 显示屏上的时间
B. 电视机上的时间
D. 电影时间
C. 在电视、电脑等屏幕前所待的时间
3. What does the underlined word “activities” mean in the text? A. 课堂活动
B. 户外活动
B C. 娱乐活动 D. 体力劳动
Self-assessment
第一部分：听力技能（共两节，满分20分）
第一节 听力理解（共17小题；每小题1分，满分17分） 听下面9段对话。每段对话后有一个或一个以上小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
例: 听下面一段对话，回答第1小题。 1. How much is the shirt？ A. £ 19.15. 答案是B。
听下面一段对话，回答第1小题。 W: What can I do for you? M: We‟re looking for a girl‟s ski jacket. I like that style on the top. Do you have Size 11? 1. What is the woman probably? A. A nurse.
B. A policewoman.
( C )
B. £9.15.
C. £9.18.
C. A saleswoman.
听下面一段对话，回答第2小题。
W: I can‟t understand why my friend isn‟t here yet. Do you think we should try to call her or go to look for her? M: She probably just got tied up to traffic. Let‟s give her a few more minutes. 2. What are these people going to do? A. Call their friends.
( B )
B. Wait a little longer. C. Go back home.
听下面一段对话，回答第3小题。
W: What a terrible day! It‟s impossible to get across the road here. 27
李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
M: It‟s really snowing heavily. I don‟t think I‟ve seen this much snow in the past five years. 3. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. On the filmmaking spot. W: You look very tired. M: Yes. I stayed up very late last night, rewriting my paper. W: Haven‟t you finished it? M: Not yet. I don‟t know when. 4. What can you learn about the man? A. He is quite confident. W: I just bought this coat sale. M: It‟s very nice. It goes well with you skin. W: It cost me $ 240. M: Really? My wife got the same thing for just one-third of the price. 5. How much did the man‟s wife pay for her coat? A. ＄80.
B. ＄240.
C. ＄120.
( A )
( C )
B. Behind a big window.
( C )
C. Just in the snow.
听下面一段对话，回答第4小题。
B. He is very slow. C. He is rather upset.
听下面一段对话，回答第5小题。
听下面一段对话，回答第 6 至第 8 三个小题。 W: Do you have any other pastime besides stamp collecting? M: Yes, fishing. W: That‟s very popular, too. Every time pass the lake. I see many people sitting there with a rod in hand, but I‟ve never seen anyone catch anything. M: Maybe it‟s because you lack the patience. W: I would break my rod if I sat about for hours getting nothing. M: Oh, look at that man‟s pole. It‟s bent like a bow. There must be a huge fish on the end of the line. Let‟s go over and have a look. W: Ok, Wow, what a big fish! M: Don‟t you have any hobbies, like stamp collecting or things like that? W: No, I don‟t have any hobbies. 6. What does the woman see when she passes the lake? A. Lots of people collecting fish there. B. Lots of people sitting there buying fish. C. Lots of people fishing there. 7. What‟s the woman‟s hobby? A. Watching TV and reading.
B. Nothing special.
( B )
( C )
C. Reading and going to movies.
( B )
8. Where are the man and the woman probably talking? A. In a restaurant.
B. By the lake.
C. In the woman‟s house.
听下面一段对话，回答第 9 至第 11 三个小题。
W: So, you don‟t say much in your advertisement. Is this an old car? M: Four years old. Come and have a look at it. W: Were you the first owner?
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
M: No, I got it two years ago. W: Have you driven it a lot? M: Well, I got it two years ago. W: I see. Now, the thing is, I‟m a doctor. I‟ve just started work at the hospital on Hills Road. I‟m on call a lot of the time and I have to find a car that is really reliable. The car I used to have was always breaking down and giving problems. M: Oh, this one‟s very good. It may not be the fastest car around, but it always gets eventually. And it‟s got a new set of tires. M: Umm, actually, that‟s not possible right now. W: Why not? M: Well basically, I‟m afraid it won‟t start. You see, the battery is dead. W: Right. It‟s good to know that. Can I go for a test drive? 9. What is the man most likely to do?
( B )
A. To persuade the woman to have a look at his car. B. To sell his second-hand car. 10. Where is the man‟s office?
A. In the city center.
B. On Hill‟s Road.
C. To put up an advertisement.
( A )
C. Near the hospital.
( C )
11. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The woman will buy the car. B. The woman has worked in the hospital for a long time. C. The car has a history of four years.
听下面一段对话，回答第 12 至第 14 三个小题。 M: Alice, open your presents. Here‟s one from Mr. Johns. W: Ok, Wow, a tennis racket! How kind of him! M: Here is one from Mr. sharp. He went to Washington on business last night. He told me this would be a great surprise for you. I wonder if it‟s a big ice-cream sandwich! W: Oh, Boy! A CD player! I‟ll go and buy some more CDs. I wish it were my birthday every day. M: Me, too. Alice, this is from me. Hope you like it. W: Definitely! What a beautiful skateboard! This is what I‟ve been dreaming about since last Christmas. Oh, thank you, Tom. You‟re so good to me. M: I can teach you how to skate. W: What‟s that? M: It‟s from jack. W: I know him. He is good at baseball. 12. How many presents has Alice received?
A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
( A )
( B )
13. Which is NOT mentioned in their dialogue?
A. Alice‟s father sends the nicest present to her. B. Alice likes all the presents she has received. C. Tom is willing to teach her to skate.
14. What can we learn from the dialogue?
( B )
A. Tom is a friend of Alice‟s. B. Alice will buy more CDs C. Alice had skateboards before.
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
听下面一段对话，回答第 15 至第 17 两个小题。
M: Well, Jenny, the school year is almost over. We just have two more weeks before exams. What do you plan to do this summer? W: I‟m going to teach English to some immigrants in the university‟s community service program. M: That sounds interesting. Don‟t you need to speak a foreign language for a job like That? W: No, you don‟t. You just have to present the language simply and give the students a chance to practice speaking. M: Come to think of it, that‟s the way I was taught to speak Chinese. But speaking Chinese didn‟t help me learn to read and write Chinese. W: My students won‟t want to read and write English, at least not now. They are more interested in speaking. M: You sound very knowledgeable about all this, how do you know so much? W: I took a Teaching English as a Second Language course last year when you were in China I‟ve also talked with the program administrators quite a lot. I think I would like to be an ESL teacher when I graduate. 15. What are they talking about? A. The plans for the summer vacation. B. The preparations for the final exams. C. Their language studies.
16. How did the woman learn a lot about language teaching? A. She attended a language teaching course last year. B. She was a teacher once.
C. She learned Chinese and English very well. 17. What do we learn from the conversation? A. The man can write and read Chinese well. B. The school will end in about two weeks. C. They are teachers.
第二节 笔录要点（共3小题；每小题1分，满分3分） 听下面一段材料，将第18至20小题的信息补充完整，每小题不超过三个单词。听材料前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出15秒钟的作答时间。本段材料读两遍。
Cambridge is about 90 kilometers northeast of London. It is one of the most beautiful places in Britain. Everything about the city Cambridge reminds you of its famous university: students on bicycles, and atmosphere of learning, tradition and magnificent buildings of the 30 colleges that are the University of Cambridge. Most of the colleges stand on the bank of Cam River, a gentle river that flows through the heart of the city. Tourists and students like boating in a kind of flat bottom boat to see the colleges or to relax themselves. If the water traffic reminds the visitors of Venice, the road traffic is more likely to recall Beijing or Amsterdam. The streets are full of bicycles, hundreds and hundreds of them. They provide a cheap form of transport for the students and a very convenient way
( B )
( A )
( A )
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
to getting around the streets in Cambridge.
About the city of Cambridge the deepest impression of the city of Cambridge the cheapest form of transport for students the location of most of the colleges
18. its famous university 19. bicycles / bikes 20. on the bank of Cam River 第二部分 知识运用 (共两节，满分20分)
第一节 单项填空 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 答案是B。
21.—My room gets very cold at night. —___C___. (2007 江苏卷) A. So is mine
22. It is ___B___ to spend money on keeping fit instead of spending it on trying to make people ___B__ after they are ill. A. good … good
B. well … better
C. better … better
D. better … good
B. So mine is
C. So does mine D. So mine does
23. If you ___D___ breakfast often, you will have no energy for the morning work.
A. leave out B. drop
C. give up
D. skip
24. I‟m very glad to see that your vocabulary D gradually. A. will build up A. recovering A. to A. are
B. built up B. to recover B. with B. is
C. was building up C. recovered C. for C. will be
D. is building up D. to be recovering D. of D. will
25. Zhou Ling is now in hospital ___A___ from her heart failure now. 26. Jack is late again. It is typical(典型的) __ D _ him to keep others waiting. 27. Mary, along with her parents ___B___ going to visit the West Lake this Sunday. 28. The boy drank ___B___ milk before getting on the bus, which made him feel sick.
A. a great many B. a large amount of C. much too D. a large number of 29. —Do you get together with your old friends?
—Yes, from time to time, but not ___C___. A. normally
B. certainly
C. regularly
D. necessarily
30. I‟m considering ___A___ a washing machine, which is considered ___A___ a great help to my wife.
第二节 完形填空 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第31至第40小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Once my father and I went to see a circus（马戏）. A family was standing in front of us 31 for tickets.
31
A. buying; to be B. buying; being C. to buy; being D. to buy; to be
李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
The family had eight children. Their clothes were not 32 but they were clean. They were talking about the clowns（小丑）and elephants excitedly.
“I want 33 tickets, eight for children and two for adults.” said the father to the ticket lady.
The ticket lady told him the 34 . When he heard that, the man couldn‟t believe his 35 . He asked again, “How much?”
The ticket lady spoke again. The father looked sad. Clearly, he didn‟t have 36 money.
My dad took a $20 bill and dropped it on the ground. Then he 37 the bill, and said to the man, “Sir, this fell out of your pocket.”
The man knew what was 38 on. He looked into my dad‟s eyes and took the 39 . “Thank you, thank you, sir. This 40 means a lot to me and my family.”
We didn‟t go to the circus that night, but we didn‟t feel sorry for it at all. 31. A. waiting 33. A. eight 34. A. way 35. A. eyes 36. A. spare
B. looking
B. ten B. ears B. any
C. working C. old
C. two C. nose
D. preparing D. expensive
D. twelve D. words D. enough D. looked up D. holding D. bag D. really
32. A. common B. cheap
B. number
C. price D. time
C. small C. put down C. looking C. bill
C. never
37. A. picked up 38. A. walking 39. A. ticket 40. A. hardly
B. took away B. going B. pocket B. nearly
第三部分 阅读技能 (共三节；满分35分)
第一节 阅读理解 （共12小题；每小题2分，满分24分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Sports
All over the world people enjoys sports. Sports help to keep people healthy, happy and help them to live longer.
Sports change with the season. People play different games in winter and summer.
Games and sports often grow out of people‟s work and everyday activities. The Arabs use horses or camels in much of their everyday life; they use them in their sports, too.
Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them. Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers.
Some sports or games go back to thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese boxing, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are quite new. Neither one is a hundred years old yet. People are inventing new sports or games all the time.
People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game they often become good friends. Sports help to train a person‟s character(性格). One leans to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace(体面).
41. The writer didn‟t tell us in the passage that ___A___.
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
A. basketball was invented in America B. sports change with the season
C. games and sports often grow out of people‟s work and everyday activities D. football is played all over the world
42. People all over the world enjoy sports because ___D___. A. sports are interesting
B. sports help to keep people healthy, happy and help them to live longer C. sports help to train a person‟s character D. all of the above
43. From this passage we can see that ___D___.
A. sports and games are unimportant things that people do B. sports and games should be treated only as amusement(娱乐) C. sports and games are useful to the old D. none of the above is true
44. Sports and games can help people from different countries ___B___.
A. to be enemies C. to be partners
B
ABC News anchor(节目主持人) Peter Jennings died on Aug 7, 2005, at home in New York after a brief battle with lung cancer. ABC News anchors said they hope if anything good can be taken from Jennings‟ death, it is a great awareness of the dangers of smoking.
“I want to give a message,” Barbara Walters said, “if you have kids who are smoking, tell them that we lost Peter.”
Lung cancer is the worst killer in America, taking more lives each year than any other cancer, according to the America Cancer Society. About 160,440 Americans die each year of cancer, making up 28 percent of all cancer deaths. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related.
Dr. Derek Raghavan, director of the Cleveland Clinic‟s Taussing Cancer Center, said that once a person stops smoking, he starts getting better. Three to five years after quitting, the possibility of getting lung cancer is reduced by half.
Warning signs of lung cancer can also be mixed with symptoms connected with long-term smoking. The three main warning signs are an increase of coughing that doesn‟t clear up, coughing up blood and sharp chest pains.
People with those symptoms should see a doctor. Raghavan said there have been promising developments in the treatment of lung cancer, including uses of radiation and surgery and drugs. “But the fact is that stopping smoking is the most important thing we can do,” Raghavan said. “There is no treatment that even comes close.”
45. Anchor Peter Jennings died of lung cancer which was possibly caused by ___C___.
B. to understand each other better D. to dislike each other
A. his bad eating habit B. overmuch work
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
C. long-term smoking
D. the old age
46. The first paragraph mentioned Peter Jennings‟ death in order to ___C___.
A. make him the main character of the passage. C. introduce the topic to be talked about
B. warn the smokers of the danger of smoking D. make him better-known than before
47. The underlined word “quitting” in the fourth paragraph probably refers to ___B___.
A. doing more exercise C. getting over lung cancer
B. giving up smoking D. staying in hospital
48. To fight against lung cancer, what matters much to smokers is ___D___.
A. to receive the treatment of lung cancer C. to see a doctor in time
C
Dear Editor,
When a new school term is about to begin, perhaps we should reconsider the matter of examinations. In July, two writers praised the cancellation of exams because they believe “Tests don‟t tell the whole story”.
As a teacher who has worked in tour countries, I have had the experience that a student who earns good marks is generally a good student,and that a student‟s final mark in a subject is usually a grade average of the year‟s work. Of course there are exceptions, but they do not have the frequency that would give an unfair picture of a student‟s ability.
The simple fact is that proper class work, diligent exam studies, and good marks are almost certain indications(表明)of a student‟s future performance. The opposite is, almost certainly, incompetence.
There is no acceptable substitute(代替) for competition of quality. How can teachers and future officials determine what a student has learned and remembered? Should we simply take the student‟s mark for it? Any institution that “liberates” students from fair and formal exams is misguided, if not ignorant(无知的), and surely the “graduate” of such institutions will lack trustworthiness(信赖), not to mention being rejected by foreign universities for graduates or other studies.
When all is said and done, I sense that a fear of failure and a fear of unpleasant comparison with others are at the bottom of most of ban-exam talks. Excellence and quality fear nothing. On the contrary, they seek competition and desire the satisfaction of being the best. I‟d like you to consider my opinion and give some guidance.
Yours truly, Li Hong
B. to do exercise regularly D. to stop smoking
49. According to the writer, a student‟s final mark ___C___.
A. is often confusing
B. can only tell whether he likes the subject or not
C. can largely reflect his normal academic level D. often proves unreliable
50. The two writers mentioned in the first paragraph ___C___.
A. seem to be worried about their students‟ poor marks B. are in favor of another way to test their students C. agree with the idea of canceling exams
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
D. think that exams only make students suffer
51. Which of the following may be the writer‟s opinion? ___A___
A. Exams are an effective measure to test a student‟s ability. B. The ways other than exams are better to test a student‟s ability. C. No better way than exams can actually get a student to learn. D. A student‟s ability cannot be measured only by exam results.
52. According to the writer, those who are against exams ___D___.
第二节 回答问题（共3小题；每小题2分，满分6分）
阅读下面短文，根据第53至第55小题的具体要求，简要回答问题，并将答案转写到答题卡上。
Healthy Diets
Instead of buying only fresh foods, Americans nowadays buy many more convenient foods. There are foods which are already partly or completely prepared. Many of them are frozen, such as frozen dinner, heat-and-serve French fries, and frozen pizzas. There are also many canned (put in a can) convenience foods, such as ready-made spaghetti (意大利细条实心面), soups, stews (炖熟菜肴), and vegetables.
Convenient foods save time and trouble. They are popular with people who are busy or who don‟t like to cook or wash dishes. But they often cost more than fresh, unprepared foods and may contain artificial additives (添加剂). Also, many people feel they don‟t taste as good as home cooked foods.
Healthy Food and Co-ops
In the 1960s, a “back-to-the-earth” movement was started by young people in the United States. The movement was a reaction(反应)against the harmful effects of technology. From the movement came a new understanding of food and health. Many people now prefer natural foods to the prepared foods sold in health food stores and in food co-ops, which are small stores and where customers help manage the store. In co-ops, food is usually not packaged. Customers bring their own bags and jars and scoop (舀出) their food out of boxes or baskets.
The Diet Craze (节食热)
These days Americans are more and more concerned with their weight. Perhaps as many as 70 million Americans are on weight dollar business. American supermarkets sell all kinds of diet foods such as diet soft drinks, diet candy, and diet salad dressings(调味品). Dieters also spend money on diet pills, exercise machines, and jogging suits (健美服). Each year many new diets are popular. They have such names as the Miracle Diet, the Nine Day Wonder Diet, and the Easy 24 Hour Diet. There is even one called the Ice Cream Diet, which advises the dieter to eat only ice cream for lunch and dinner. For dieters who cannot lose weight on their own, there are many well-organized diet groups, which offer help and encouragement.
53. Why are the convenience foods so popular? (回答词数不超过7个) Because convenient foods save time and trouble A. are failures of exams C. are not qualified teachers
B. are poor students
D. have no confidence in competition
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李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
54. What are co-ops? (回答词数不超过10个)
They are small stores and customers help manage the store.
55. How many ways to lose weight are mentioned in paragraph 3? (回答词数不超过4个) Three (ways are mentioned).
第三节 摘录信息 （共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在文后第56至第60小题的空格里填上适当的单词或短语，并将答案转写到答题卡上。 注意：每空不超过3个单词。
Wang Hui (No. 3 Middle School):
I agree that key schools or classes should be cut out, although I‟m in a key school. Students who can‟t go to key schools or classes could feel bad about themselves and lose confidence(信心)in study. At the same time, students already in key schools could become too proud. Gan Li (No. 1 Middle School):
I‟m not a key school student, but I still prefer to keep key schools and classes. One reason is that this can make students work hard to get into these schools or classes. Students who succeed will keep working hard, and those who don‟t will feel pressure to do better. Chen Si (No. 2 Middle School):
I‟m not a key class student, but I don‟t think it‟s a good idea to cut out key classes or schools. The students there can learn with the best teachers and classmates. If they were mixed with students who have bad study habits, their talent (才能)and hard work could be wasted. Li Yao (No. 5 Middle School):
I‟m in a key class, but I agree with cutting out those schools. Everyone should be equal. That means all students should have the same good teachers. If a student fails just one or two exams, he or she loses the chance to have all the study advantages. This is not fair.
About key classes and key schools Students Wang Hui Li Yao Opinions We should 57 cut out key schools or classes. 56 Reasons a. Those who can‟t go to key schools or classes lose confidence in study. b. Students already in key schools could 58 become/be/get too proud. c. Everyone should be equal. a. This can make students 59 work hard to get into key schools or We should keep Gan Li key schools and classes. classes. b. Those who don't work hard will feel pressure to do better. c. The students who work hard should not be 60 mixed with those who have bad study habits, or their talent and hard work could be wasted.
第四部分 写作技能 (共两节，满分25分)
第一节 完成译文 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据中文原文完成下列各英文译文，将答案填写到答题卡上。（每空限填一个词）
1. 对于那些太爱看电视的青少年来说，大量的时间被浪费掉了。
For those teenagers who like to watch too much TV, a good amount of time is wasted.
36
李集中学高一英语2012级M1U3Reading学案
2. 孩子们喜欢看《哈里·坡特》，许多成年人也是如此。 Children like reading Harry Potter, and so do many adults. 3. 为了健康他经常在体育馆进行锻炼。 He works out regularly in the gym to keep fit.
4. 回答不了老师的提问没有什么难为情的。
Being unable to answer a teacher‟s questions is nothing to be ashamed of.
5. 整个天空顿时就亮堂起来。
In no time at all, the whole sky was lit up.
.
第二节 情景作文（共1小题，满分15分）
目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社据此现象向中学生征文, 标题为“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。请根据下列提示写一篇征文稿, 内容要点如下：
考试偏多、偏难 主要原因 不用功、懒惰 取悦父母、老师 作弊不对，违反校规 个人看法 要诚实，努力学习 其他
要求：1．短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；
2．短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数； 3．词数：100左右。 参考词汇：作弊 cheat
My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations
It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are to difficult to us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and don‟t work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers. In my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools, we students should be honest to try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. What‟s more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examination. 37
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