2011届高三英语完形填空专题复习（二）
2011.3.15
(一)记叙文
1．记叙型完形填空的特点
(1)在记事记叙文的完形填空中,作者在文章的开头就把事件及其发生的时间、地点交代清楚,然后对这件事情的发生、发展进行陈述,反映出作者的某种思想,最后得出事件结果。
(2)在记人记叙文的完形填空中,作者往往在文章的第一句话就交代出所述人物的姓名、身份、业绩,让读者对他有一个总体的印象。然后,对这个人的成长经历作出详细的介绍,从而让读者对他有更清楚的认识。
(3)记叙文的人称通常有第一人称和第三人称。采用第一人称,便于直抒胸臆,读起来有种亲切感和真实感。采用第三人称,不受时空限制,能从多方面自由叙述。 2．记叙型完形填空的备考策略 (1)重视首句,把握开篇
完形填空一般首句不设空,是完整的一句。细读此句可以判断文章的体裁,预测全文大意和主旨。读懂首句可以帮助建立正确的思维导向,避免误入歧途,对理解全文起重要的作用。 (2)速读全文,掌握大意
速读全文要一气呵成,尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方,仍要快速读下去,不要急于看选项。一遍读不懂可以再迅速读一遍,要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件,即who, when, where, what等。掌握梗概,总体把握文章内容、结构、时态、语态变化、情节的展开、结局的形成,然后答题。 (3)弄清作者对人物和事件的态度
弄清作者对人物和事件的态度也是做好记叙型完形填空的关键。分析近几年高考题,有不少题需要在正确把握反映作者情感和态度的关键词的基础上才能做好。 (4)理顺事件的发生、发展和结局
记叙型完形填空多数是按事件发生的顺序进行叙述,正确把握文章的发展顺序对把握文章的主脉有着重要的意义,因此,在选择答案时可以事先理清人物间的关系及各自所做的事情。 (2010•郑州第一次统考) David
Years ago, when I was working at a children’s institution, a boy 1 up in the waiting room. It was David. He had 2 his parents. He was very sad 3 to talk to others.
The first two times we met, David didn’t say a word. He sat in the chair and only 4 up at the children’s drawings on the wall. As he was about to leave 5 the second visit, I put my hand on his 6 .He didn’t shrink (退缩) back, but he didn’t look at me either.
“Come back next week,” I hesitated a bit.
He came, and I suggested we play a game of chess. He 7 . After that we played 8 every time, in complete 9 and without making any eye contact. It’s not 10 to cheat in chess, but I admit that I made sure David won 11 .
It seemed as if he enjoyed my 12 .But why did he never look at me？Perhaps he sensed that I respected his suffering. I kept wondering and 13 with him, until some months later, 14 ,he looked up at me. “It’s your turn,” he said.
After that day, David started 15 .He got friends in school. He wrote me a few 16 about how he would try to get into university. After some time, the letters 17 .Now he had really started to live his own life.
I learned how 18 cures pain. And David showed me how one—without any 19 —can reach out to another person. All it takes is a shoulder to cry on, a 20 touch and an ear that listens. 1．A. showed B．went C．rose D．put 2．A. missed B．lost C．loved D．respected 3．A. preferring B．trying C．refusing D．expecting 4．A. glanced B．stared C．woke D．looked 5．A. after B．when C．before D．until 6．A. back B．shoulder C．face D．hand 7．A. cried B．smiled C．nodded D．wondered 8．A. violin B．cards C．basketball D．chess 9．A. silence B．surprise C．doubt D．trouble 10．A. wise B．easy C．right D．wrong 11．A．now and then B．more or less C．once or twice D．all the time 12．A. game B．success C．cheat D．company 13．A．playing B．competing C．arguing D．fighting 14．A. naturally B．suddenly C．impatiently D．angrily 15．A. laughing B．singing C．talking D．sleeping 16．A．articles B．compositions C．emails D．letters
17．A. stopped B．arrived C．posted D．continued 18．A. money B．time C．hate D．fame 19．A. hopes B．actions C．words D．complaints 20．A. gently B．lovely C．lively D．friendly
(二) 说明文
1．说明型完形填空的特点
(1)从其类别上看说明文一般有三类：
①实体说明文。实体是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品,包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等。
②事理说明文。事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等,包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等。 ③文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化,进而编成故事,对其进行介绍。
(2)在说明型完形填空中,作者一般首先提出一个要说明的对象,如：某种理论、某种方法、某种技巧、某项活动,然后按照时间、空间、事情发展的顺序、步骤,再运用举例、对比等方式进行介绍或说明。通过阅读这样的文章,读者就会明白某种道理、掌握某种技巧或学会某种方法。 2．说明型完形填空的备考策略 (1)分清说明对象,对症下药
做说明型完形填空时,要注意它的说明对象是什么,是具体的实物还是理论性的概念。一般来说,在描述具体的实物时往往比较直观形象,我们很容易在头脑中产生所描述物体的影像,所以对文章的理解就比较容易；而在描述理论性的概念时,往往比较抽象,理解难度大。
(2)把握说明顺序,顺藤摸瓜
说明文的说明顺序有如下几种：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序、认识顺序等。 ①时间顺序是指先后顺序。
②空间顺序是指从局部到整体、从上到下、从内到外的顺序。 ③逻辑顺序是指先因后果或先果后因、先主后次的顺序。
④认识顺序是指由此及彼、由浅入深、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象的顺序。 做题时弄清了说明顺序,按顺序思考,就不会偏离主题,出现理解上的偏差。 (3)代入空格,验证答案
完成了上两步后,别忘了还有“润色”。这里所说的“润色”是指：我们要回过头来,依照文章的内容,将我们选择的答案代入各空,看一下我们所选的答案是否符合逻辑。要注意的是,有时我们的答案针对这一空是对的,但很可能这一步骤应该是下一步要做的。这样我们就要进行调整,直到文章上下通达,步骤先后顺序清晰明了为止。 (2010•太原调研)
There are certain things British men like to believe about themselves. The first is that one day they will again 1 the World Cup. They also believe they do not 2 .
3 the centuries, Britons are believed to have a “stiff upper lip”．But is it true?
Yes, it is. A recent study arranged by Kleenex on how the British express their emotions 4 that 95 percent of them still 5 their emotions.
Moreover, 6 72 percent think this is unhealthy,19 percent can’t remember the last time they “let it out”．As a result, Kleenex is 7 the “Let It Out” campaign that 8 Britons to grab a tissue and have a good cry. These days, however, the male Briton’s 9 toward crying is changing. Though the majority still 10 to open up emotionally, a 2004 study by Oxford’s Social Issues Research Center found that 77 percent of British men considered crying in public increasingly 11 .Half of London males 12 crying in front of their mothers. Scotsmen are the least emotional, although they are most 13 to cry at weddings.
Peter Marsh, director of the center, said：“Crying can now indicate sensitivity rather than
14 .Like David Beckham, crying because you’re dropping off your boy at nursery isn’t seen as weak.”
Winston Churchill was said to be a 15 crier, shedding tears at seeing a 16 in an air raid shelter (防空洞),and when he saw his wife after a long 17 .
Psychologists say that while society has accepted that men can cry, there are 18 .Ronald Bracey, a consulting psychologist, said：“If a man began to cry when he was having stitches (缝针) in hospital, he would be 19 as a weak man. Men still need to be seen as strong when it 20 to physical pain.” 1．A. win B．defeat C．own D．receive 2．A. laugh B．cry C．shout D．tremble 3．A. Inside B．Over C．Before D．Half 4．A. requires B．insists C．exhibits D．reveals 5．A. conduct B．expose C．contain D．construct 6．A. while B．because C．since D．for 7．A. carrying B．studying C．starting D．calling
8．A．persuades B．allows C．orders D．encourages 9．A. attitude B．face C．idea D．impression 10．A. frightens B．struggles C．fights D．breaks 11．A．unimaginable B．unbelievable C．acceptable D．shameful 12．A. admitted B．adapted C．denied D．supported 13．A. surely B．certainly C．possibly D．likely 14．A. weakness B．strength C．bravery D．horror 15．A. brave B．frequent C．seldom D．kind 16．A. wound B．student C．survivor D．soldier 17．A. absence B．presence C．battle D．reserve 18．A．expectations B．limits C．rules D．exceptions 19．A. classified B．insisted C. considered D．imagined 20．A. comes B．happens C．lies D．goes
(三)议论文
1．议论型完形填空的特点
(1)议论形式的完形填空一般是直接提出论点,通过论据论证,最后,作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。 (2)议论形式的完形填空一般都是由论点（作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象）、论据（用来证明论点的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法）这三个要素构成的,这也是一个提出问题→分析问题→解决问题的过程。 (3)英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点,而且还要让读者接受自己的观点,因此,在词语表达上除了客观之外,还比较注重委婉。常用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和情态动词can, could, may, might, would, should等。为了辩证推理的条理性和逻辑性,往往较多地使用since, now that, therefore, In that case, because, so, but, however等过渡词和连接词。 2．议论型完形填空的备考策略 (1)遵循“首句”原则
对于议论文形式的完形填空,在掌握全文主旨的情况下,抓好每段的首句是做好试题的基本原则之一。有一项调查结果表明,英语议论文有60%～90%的主旨句在文章的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就“牵住了牛鼻子”,再理解文意也就不难了。 (2)理清论点、论据、结论
议论型完形填空与记叙型完形填空相比,议论型完形填空稍微难做。一般的记叙文是按时间顺序进行描述的,我们只要把握事件发生、发展的过程,就能将情景掌握好。然而议论文形式的完形填空就不这么简单了,如果我们对哪是论点、哪是论据、哪是结论都不清楚,只是莽撞地选择答案,其结果可想而知。所以理清论点、论据和结论是做好议论型完形填空的关键。 (3)“三论”结合验证答案
一般来说,能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证,而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来,使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系,因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾,论据与论点相悖,最后的结论与论点相矛盾,那就说明我们对于文章的把握欠条理和系统,我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分,直到清楚为止,然后再依据自己对全文的掌握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。 (2010•长治一次月考)
In our life, we have rarely expressed our gratitude to the ones who’d lived those years with us. In fact, we don’t have to wait for1 to thank the ones closest to us—the ones so easily 2 .If I have learned anything about giving thanks, it is this：Give it now！ 3 your feeling of appreciation is alive and sincere, act on it. Saying thanks is such an easy way to 4 the world’s happiness.
Saying thanks not only 5 someone else’s world, but brightens yours. If you’re feeling 6 , unloved or unappreciated, try reaching out to others. It may be just the 7 you need.
Of course, there are times when you can’t express gratitude 8 .In that case don’t let embarrassment sink you into silence—speak up the first time you have the chance.
Once a young minister, Mark Brian, was sent to a 9 town of Kwakiutl Indians in British Columbia. The Indians, he had been told, did not have a 10 for thank you. But Brian soon found that these people had 11 generosity. Instead of saying thanks, it is their custom to 12 every favor with a favor of their own, and every kindness with an equal or superior 13 .They do their thanks.
I wonder if we had words in our 14 for thank you. Would we do a better job of 15 our gratitude？Would we be more responsive, more sensitive, more caring?
Thankfulness sets in motion a chain reaction that 16 people all around us—including ourselves. For no one ever 17 the tune of a grateful heart. Its message is 18 ；its words go 19 all earthly barriers；its music 20 the heavens. 1．A. requirements B．anniversaries C．celebrations D．congratulations 2．A. overlooked B．satisfied C．attended D．appreciated 3．A. While B．Since C．Although D．Despite 4．A. add up to B．add to C．make up D．look for
5．A. widens B．strengthens C．clears D．brightens 6．A. worn out B．left behind C．cut out D．left out 7．A. requirement B．order C．medicine D．encouragement 8．A. safely B．immediately C．carefully D．rightly 9．A. remote B．nearby C．crowded D．poor 10．A. purpose B．desire C．word D．heart 11．A. special B．strange C．respected D．unknown 12．A. sell B．show C．do D．return 13．A. kindness B．manner C．reward D．value 14．A. world B．vocabulary C．knowledge D．books 15．A. communicating B．connecting C．convincing D．copying 16．A. treats B．translates C．transports D．transforms 17．A. gets B．misleads C．misunderstands D．misspells 18．A. common B．universal C．ordinary D．usual 19．A. beyond B．over C．besides D．through 20．A. covers B．excites C．touches D．decorates
(四) 夹叙夹议文
1．夹叙夹议型完形填空的特点
在夹叙夹议形式的完形填空中,作者首先叙述一件事,然后就此事提出自己的见解或由此事引出一个深刻的社会主题。 2．夹叙夹议型完形填空的备考策略
(1)夹叙夹议型文章的思路跳跃性强,按照一般的命题要求,文章的首句或者是一个完整的富有哲理的句子,这个句子不容忽视,往往是全文的关键句,甚至是文章的主题；或者是一小段叙述文,作者下文要对此展开议论。夹叙夹议文的主题明确,那就是告诉读者一个道理。因此,正确理解首句和开头段落以及它们在文章中的作用是非常重要的。
(2)夹叙夹议型完形填空是记叙和议论在文中交错运用,这样,不但可以大大充实文章的内容,而且能增强文章的说服力,从而既易于读者理解,又引发读者思考。只要抓住文章的线索,弄明白文章的逻辑关系,就能确定比较明确的、直接的答案。
(3)夹叙夹议型文章的基本结构模式是：①用一段概括性的话引入要叙述的经历(话题)；②叙述先前的经历及其感悟或发现；③叙述接下来的经历及其感悟或发现；④作出总结或结论。文章通常使用对比、附加、强调、让步、举例、结论、顺序和对照等手段。因此考生应注意观察文章的结构特点,根据故事情节的发展模式,确定恰当的衔接词。常见的语篇标志词有：表示逻辑关系的,如thus, therefore, so, though等；表示改变话题的,如by the way等；表示递进关系的,如besides, further, furthermore, what is more等。
2010•昆明名校联考（二）
I had arrived at the airport about 30 minutes before the checkin. It had been a very 1 three days for me with lots of meetings. So I was glad to have the 2 time to make my notes on what I 3 to do the following day. But then came the 4 that my flight had to be 5 because there was a problem with the plane.
As I sat waiting for my 6 to be called, I reflected on my last meeting of the day. It was not a business meeting but rather a very enjoyable 7 with an old business friend I had not seen for over 12 years. Our lunch was spent recalling times gone by 8 filling each other in what had happened in our lives over the last 12 years. We both laughed and smiled as we recalled the good times and the great experiences we had 9 together At the end of our time together, we both said how much we had 10 it and that we must do it again.
It was great to have this additional time to replay in my 11 all that we had talked about. I realized just how important it was to have regular 12 of the good times in our life. I was lucky enough to have had the chance to take a short 13 and reflect on the good things that had happened in my life over 12 years.
It was somewhat like looking at an old photo album 14 in a cupboard in your house. There before your eyes are lots of wonderful 15 that take you back to times and places, and most importantly to those people who are in the 16 . My flight home was finally 17 three hours later. I smiled as I 18 the plane and realized that I was not at all 19 about the delay in the flight, as I had been able to spend the time 20 on the good times from days gone by. 1．A. important B．busy C．quick D．useful 2．A. pleasant B．satisfying C．happy D．extra 3．A. had B．failed C．needed D．asked 4．A. announcement B．declaration C．opening D．speech 5．A. waited B．cancelled C．taken D．delayed 6．A. flight B．turn C．name D．order 7．A. negotiation B．lunch C．party D．discussion 8．A. as well B．except for C．as well as D．in addition
9．A. spent 10．A. got 11．A. thought 12．A. time 13．A. way 14．A. stored away 15．A. celebrations 16．A. cupboard 17．A. shouted 18．A. left 19．A. upset 20．A. taking B．met B．enjoyed B．spirit B．plans B．cut B．put on B．memories B．books B．phoned B．boarded B．happy B．seizing C．managed C．made C．flight C．reminders C．method C．set aside C．awards C．childhood C．called C．jumped C．crazy C．reflecting D．shared
D．paid D．mind D．remains D．break D．given out D．presents D．photos D．commanded D．reached D．surprised D．bringing
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