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基于mysqldump搭建gtid主从

2020-11-09 来源:我们爱旅游

有关知识点参考:
配置MySQL GTID 主从复制
基于mysqldump快速搭建从库
使用mysqldump导出数据库

一、GTID添加从库的方法

1.如果master所有的binlog还在,安装slave后,直接change master 到master
原理是直接获取master所有的gtid并执行
优点是简单
缺点是如果binlog太多,数据完全同步需要的时间较长,并且需要master一开始就启用了GTID
总结:适用于master也是新建不久的情况

2.通过master或者其它slave的mysqldump备份搭建新的slave.
原理:备份时获取master的数据和这些数据对应的GTID,在Slave端跳过备份包含的GTID
优点是可以避免第一种方法中的不足
缺点操作相对复杂
总结:适用于拥有较大数据集的情况

3、percona xtrabackup
基于xtrabackup备份文件xtrabackup_binlog_info包含了GTID信息
做从库恢复后,需要手工设置:set@@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED='c8d960f1-83ca-11e5-a8eb-000c29ea831c:1-745497';恢复后,执行change master to
缺点操作相对复杂
总结:适用于拥有较大数据集的情况

二、演示从库搭建

1、演示环境
mysql> system cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)mysql> show variables like 'version';
+---------------+------------+| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+------------+| version | 5.7.12-log |
+---------------+------------+主服务器:192.168.1.245:3306 server_id : 245
从服务器:192.168.1.247:3306 server_id : 247

--在主库端创建复制用户
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; 

2、直接使用change master(针对本文第一部分,第1小点情形)

此处省略基于gtid配置的参数描述,具体可以参考:配置MySQL GTID 主从复制
在从服务器端直接change master,如下:SLAVE> show variables like 'server_id';
+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+| server_id | 247 |
+---------------+-------+Slave> CHANGE MASTER TO 
 -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.245', -> MASTER_USER='repl', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.12 sec)

Slave> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Slave> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Slave> show slave status \G*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.245 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: node3-binlog.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 457 Relay_Log_File: node5-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 676 Relay_Master_Log_File: node3-binlog.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ...............--主服务器端操作如下
Master> create database tempdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

Master> use tempdb
Database changed
Master> create table t1(id int,ename varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

Master> insert into t1 values(1,'leshami');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)

--从服务器端验证Slave> select * from tempdb.t1;
+------+---------+| id | ename |
+------+---------+| 1 | leshami |
+------+---------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)

3、基于mysqldump搭建gtid从库 
--准备环境,从库端执行
Slave> stop slave; --停止重库
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Slave> reset slave all; --重置主从配置信息
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) 

--准备环境,主库端执行 
Master> source sakila-db/sakila-schema.sql --导入mysql自带的sakila数据库
Master> source sakila-db/sakila-data.sql --填充数据 

--使用mysqldump导出数据库 
# mysqldump --all-databases --single-transaction --triggers --routines --events \
> --host=localhost --port=3306 --user=root --password=MyP@ssw0rd >/tmp/alldb.sql 

--导出的文件中已经包含了GTID_PURGED的信息
# grep GTID_PURGED /tmp/alldb.sql 
SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED='78336cdc-8cfb-11e6-ba9f-000c29328504:1-38';--将备份文件copy到从服务器
# scp /tmp/alldb.sql 192.168.1.247:/tmp-- 执行reset master,重置从服务器上的binlog
Slave> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

Slave> source /tmp/alldb.sqlSlave> show databases; --此时tempdb已产生
+--------------------+| Database |
+--------------------+| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sakila |
| sys || tempdb |
+--------------------+--执行change master
Slave> CHANGE MASTER TO 
 -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.245', -> MASTER_USER='repl', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.06 sec)

Slave> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Slave> show slave status \G*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.245 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: node3-binlog.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 25637 Relay_Log_File: node5-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 423 Relay_Master_Log_File: node3-binlog.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes--主库端执行一些事务
Master> alter table tempdb.t1 modify ename varchar(50);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

Master> insert into tempdb.t1 values(2,'http://blog.csdn.net/leshami');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

--从库端验证结果Slave> desc tempdb.t1;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | || ename | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)Slave> select * from tempdb.t1;
+------+------------------------------+| id | ename |
+------+------------------------------+| 1 | leshami || 2 | http://www.gxlcms.com/ |
+------+------------------------------+

在实现mysql主从架构的过程中,可以使用基于mysqldump方式来构建主从。mysqldump在备份的过程中已经产生了GTID的相关信息,即这些GTID可以跳过,对于未跳过的GTID则有IO线程复制到从服务器,由SQL线程进行执行。本文主要演示mysqldump在GTID模式下搭建mysql主从。

有关知识点参考:
配置MySQL GTID 主从复制
基于mysqldump快速搭建从库
使用mysqldump导出数据库

一、GTID添加从库的方法

1.如果master所有的binlog还在,安装slave后,直接change master 到master
原理是直接获取master所有的gtid并执行
优点是简单
缺点是如果binlog太多,数据完全同步需要的时间较长,并且需要master一开始就启用了GTID
总结:适用于master也是新建不久的情况

2.通过master或者其它slave的mysqldump备份搭建新的slave.
原理:备份时获取master的数据和这些数据对应的GTID,在Slave端跳过备份包含的GTID
优点是可以避免第一种方法中的不足
缺点操作相对复杂
总结:适用于拥有较大数据集的情况

3、percona xtrabackup
基于xtrabackup备份文件xtrabackup_binlog_info包含了GTID信息
做从库恢复后,需要手工设置:set@@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED='c8d960f1-83ca-11e5-a8eb-000c29ea831c:1-745497';恢复后,执行change master to
缺点操作相对复杂
总结:适用于拥有较大数据集的情况

二、演示从库搭建

1、演示环境
mysql> system cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.7 (Final)mysql> show variables like 'version';
+---------------+------------+| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+------------+| version | 5.7.12-log |
+---------------+------------+主服务器:192.168.1.245:3306 server_id : 245
从服务器:192.168.1.247:3306 server_id : 247

--在主库端创建复制用户
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456'; 

2、直接使用change master(针对本文第一部分,第1小点情形)

此处省略基于gtid配置的参数描述,具体可以参考:配置MySQL GTID 主从复制
在从服务器端直接change master,如下:SLAVE> show variables like 'server_id';
+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+| server_id | 247 |
+---------------+-------+Slave> CHANGE MASTER TO 
 -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.245', -> MASTER_USER='repl', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.12 sec)

Slave> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Slave> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Slave> show slave status \G*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.245 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: node3-binlog.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 457 Relay_Log_File: node5-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 676 Relay_Master_Log_File: node3-binlog.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes ...............--主服务器端操作如下
Master> create database tempdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

Master> use tempdb
Database changed
Master> create table t1(id int,ename varchar(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

Master> insert into t1 values(1,'leshami');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.08 sec)

--从服务器端验证Slave> select * from tempdb.t1;
+------+---------+| id | ename |
+------+---------+| 1 | leshami |
+------+---------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)

3、基于mysqldump搭建gtid从库 
--准备环境,从库端执行
Slave> stop slave; --停止重库
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Slave> reset slave all; --重置主从配置信息
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) 

--准备环境,主库端执行 
Master> source sakila-db/sakila-schema.sql --导入mysql自带的sakila数据库
Master> source sakila-db/sakila-data.sql --填充数据 

--使用mysqldump导出数据库 
# mysqldump --all-databases --single-transaction --triggers --routines --events \
> --host=localhost --port=3306 --user=root --password=MyP@ssw0rd >/tmp/alldb.sql 

--导出的文件中已经包含了GTID_PURGED的信息
# grep GTID_PURGED /tmp/alldb.sql 
SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED='78336cdc-8cfb-11e6-ba9f-000c29328504:1-38';--将备份文件copy到从服务器
# scp /tmp/alldb.sql 192.168.1.247:/tmp-- 执行reset master,重置从服务器上的binlog
Slave> reset master;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

Slave> source /tmp/alldb.sqlSlave> show databases; --此时tempdb已产生
+--------------------+| Database |
+--------------------+| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sakila |
| sys || tempdb |
+--------------------+--执行change master
Slave> CHANGE MASTER TO 
 -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.245', -> MASTER_USER='repl', -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', -> MASTER_PORT=3306, -> MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1;Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.06 sec)

Slave> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Slave> show slave status \G*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.1.245 Master_User: repl Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: node3-binlog.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 25637 Relay_Log_File: node5-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 423 Relay_Master_Log_File: node3-binlog.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes--主库端执行一些事务
Master> alter table tempdb.t1 modify ename varchar(50);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

Master> insert into tempdb.t1 values(2,'http://blog.csdn.net/leshami');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

--从库端验证结果Slave> desc tempdb.t1;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | || ename | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)Slave> select * from tempdb.t1;
+------+------------------------------+| id | ename |
+------+------------------------------+| 1 | leshami || 2 | http://www.gxlcms.com/ |
+------+------------------------------+