甘肃敦煌英语导游词

　　Yulin grottoes, commonly known as Wanfo gorge, are located on the Bank ofYulin River (also known as Tashi River) 75 kilometers southwest of Anxi County.There are 42 caves in Tang, Five Dynasties, song, Xixia, yuan and otherdynasties. They are distributed on the cliffs on the East and west sides ofYulin river. There are 31 East cliffs, 11 West cliffs, 4200 square meters ofmurals and 259 painted sculptures. Due to natural and man-made reasons, thereare few original painted sculptures left in Yulin grottoes. Most of the existingpainted sculptures are rebuilt or rebuilt by future generations.

　　Yulin grottoes, as the sister grottoes of Mogao Grottoes, has closeconnection or similarities with Mogao Grottoes in terms of content, artisticstyle, color sculpture and mural production, but there are obvious differencesin many aspects, and it has its own unique artistic style. The earliest existingcaves, caves 17, 28 and 39, were built in the early Tang Dynasty. Although theyare all central pillar caves, they are obviously different from the centralpillar caves prevailing in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

　　In the early Tang Dynasty, the 23 meter high Buddha cave in cave 6 is alsodifferent from that in Mogao Grottoes, which shows the characteristics of YulinGrottoes in its initial stage. Cave 25 in the middle of Tang Dynasty is aMahayana pure land cave, which is a combination of showing and secret. Themurals are well preserved, with exquisite skills and perfect artistictechniques. There are no comparable works in Mogao Grottoes in this period.Yulin grottoes are particularly wonderful in the Xixia and Yuan Dynasties. Thethousand handed and thousand eyed Avalokitesvara in cave 3 of the Western XiaDynasty holds as many as 140 objects, including iron smelting, wine making,shovels, saws, double tailed boats, etc., and for the first time, huqin, theancestor of string instruments, appeared. The landscape paintings in Manjusriand Puxian have changed from the background decoration to have obviousindependence, magnificent pictures and profound artistic conception. They arevery rare ancient landscape murals. The water moon Avalokitesvara in cave 2 ofXixia is exquisite in line drawing, rich in color and elegant in artisticconception.

　　Cave 4 of the Yuan Dynasty contains the dense mandala and a variety ofTara, Guanyin, Manjusri, and Puxian, which are all drawn with foreigntechniques. The shape is rigorous and accurate, the color contrast is strong,and the atmosphere is mysterious. In particular, the six Buddhist Sutras ofXuanzang clearly drawn by Yulin grottoes and the East thousand Buddha are veryprecious. In addition, the portraits and decorative patterns of the donors inthe Xixia and Yuan dynasties also have obvious national characteristics. Inaddition to the popular flowers, animals, birds and geometric patterns, thedecorative patterns are also changed by the words "heaven" and "King", which arevery creative.

　　In a word, Yulin Grottoes has its own unique artistic system. Especiallyafter the Five Dynasties, the art of the Mogao Grottoes showed an obviousdecline trend, and the Yulin Grottoes showed its characteristics of the timesand unique artistic charm in terms of content, painting style and artisticlevel, which further enriched the connotation of this treasure house.

　　In 1961, Yulin Grottoes was listed as the first batch of national keycultural relics protection units by the State Council and was under thejurisdiction of Dunhuang Institute of cultural relics.