【英语阅读】Dyslexia(阅读障碍)

Dyslexia

阅读障碍

As the popular slogan states, \"reading is fundamental.\" But for many kids with dyslexia, learning to read is a struggle. Simply put, children with reading disorders have trouble recognizing words and letters on the page. And although reading difficulty has been studied for over 100 years, scientists have never determined a specific cause.

正如一句流行的口号，“阅读是基础”。但对于许多有阅读障碍的孩子，学习阅读是一个艰难的斗争。简单地说，有阅读障碍的孩子连认出页面上的单词和字母都有困难。虽然关于阅读困难的研究有已超过100年，科学家们却从未确定一个具体的原因。

Over the past twenty years, however, researchers have made significant strides. Many agree that the disorder can be best explained by understanding the mechanics of reading. When a child learns to read, she begins to associate the shapes of letters with sounds, and then string the sounds together to form words.

然而在过去的二十年里，研究人员已经取得了重大进展。许多人认为理解了阅读的机制就能最好地解释这种疾病。当孩子学习阅读时，她开始将声音和字母的形状联系起来，然后把声音连起来形成单词。

When a learning reader sees the letters C-A-T on the page, she begins by recognizing that the letter \"C\" makes a \"kuh\" sound, A makes an \"ahh\" sound, and

so on. These basic sounds are called phonemes, and the ability to manipulate them is called phonological awareness.

当一个学习阅读的人看到页面上的字母“C-A-T”，她首先认出字母“C”发“库”的声音，“A”发“啊”的声音，等等。这些基本的发音称为音素，而操纵音素的能力被称为语音意识。

Many researches now believe that for children with reading disorders, the problem has to do with impaired phonological awareness. Such children may know what a cat is and be able to describe it in detail, but when it comes to sounding out the written word \"CAT,\" the parts of their brains responsible for processing phonemes just don't work as well as they should.

现在许多研究人员认为孩子有阅读障碍与语音意识受损有关。这些孩子可能知道猫是什么，能详细地描述它，但当它来将“CAT”这个词发音时，他们大脑中负责处理音素的部分不能很好的工作。

Many reading disorders seem to have nothing to do with intelligence. Albert Einstein was dyslexic, and he turned out to be pretty bright. The good news is that with proper training, nearly all children can learn to read with proficiency. And that, as we know, is fundamental.

许多阅读障碍似乎与智力无关。阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦有阅读障碍，但他却十分聪明。好消息是经过适当的训练，几乎所有的孩子都能学会熟练阅读。而且正如我们所知道的，阅读是基础。