英语语法之主动语态和被动语态

英语语法之主动语态和被动语态

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态，我们可以从以下方面进行小结：

一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例）

结构：主语 + be + 过去分词

时态：1. 一般现在时： am (is, are) done.

2.带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done

3. 一般过去时： was (were) done

4. 一般将来时： will (shall) be done

5. 现在进行时： am (is, are) being done

6. 现在完成时： have (has) been done

二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。

1．主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P)

此结构不可用被动语态。

(正) The flowers smell sweet.

(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.

2．主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V)

此结构不可变被动语态。

(正) An accident happened last night.

(误) An accident was happened last night.

3．主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V+ O)

（1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语

Children often sing this song

This song is often sung by children.

（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。

We should listen to the teachers carefully.

The teachers should be listened to carefully.

4．主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO)

（1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。

He showed us a picture .

We were shown a picture.

（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.

常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等

常用加for的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等

A picture was shown to us.

A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.

5． 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+ V+ O + C)

如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to” 。

I saw him fall off the tree.

He was seen to fall off the tree.

6. \"be + 过去分词\" 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem,look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。

I'm interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣。

7. 某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。The woman's clothes sell well. 女装卖的快。This book sells

best.这本书很畅销.

被动语态专项练习

一、选择题

( )1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D .Did; build

( )2.An accident ____ on this road last week. A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened

( )3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China .A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow

( )4.So far,the moon ____ by man already. A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited

( )5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in th school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives

( )6.How many trees ____ this year? A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted

( )7.A lot of things ___by people to save the little girl now.A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done

( )8.Neither of them ______ in China. A.is made B.are made C. were made D.made

( )9.Look! A nice picture ____ for our teacher. A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws

( )10.Your shoes ____. You need a new pair. A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn

( )11.The doctor _____ for yet. A.isn't sent B.hasn't been sent C.won't be sent D.wasn't sent

( )12.--When ___ this kind of computers______? --Last year. A.did; use B.was; used C.is; used D.are; used

( )13.The Great Wall ____ all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known

( )14.I ____ in summer. A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born

( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _____ to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent

( )16.Who _____ this book _____? A.did; written B.was; written by C.did; written D.was;written

( )17.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary. A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to

( )18.A story _____ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us

( )19.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump

( )20.The school bag ___ behind the chair. A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put

( )21.Older people ____ well. A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after

( )22.Our teacher ______ carefully. A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened

二、把下列句子改写成被动语态

1.They make machines in that factory. __________________________________

2.Every body likes this song. __________________________________

3.He doesn't show the stamps to me. __________________________________

4.People don't grow rice in the west of Japan._____________________________

5.He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble._______________________________

6.Do the workers build many buildings? __________________________________

7.Does Kate sometimes break glasses? __________________________________

8.Do you always send a letter to Mr Hu? __________________________________

9.What does the teacher often tell the boys to do?_________________________

10.How many desks do they buy every term?__________________________________

11.They sold that kind of shoes in this shop last week.____________________

12.Granny told us a story last night. __________________________________

13.He didn't give the dictionary to me yesterday.__________________________

14.He didn't buy anything there before he left.____________________________

15.Did he clean the blackboard just now?__________________________________

16.When did she cook supper yesterday? __________________________________

17.Where did she make them? __________________________________

18.Whose ruler did you borrow? __________________________________

19.We must tie the young tree to the stick.________________________________

20.They can't mend the bike in that shop.__________________________________

21.You should take good care of her baby.__________________________________

22.You may take it back home. __________________________________

23.May I look after the baby at home? __________________________________

24.Must we hand in our exercise-books now?_________________________________

25.Can you mend this radio here? __________________________________

被 动 语 态 练 习 2

一、 将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。

1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _____ _____ _____ in two days.

2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk ____ ______ in Suzhou.

3. The children will sing an English song. An English song ____ ____ ___ by the children.

4. You needn't do it now. It ____ _____ _____ by you now.

5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week. A New Year Card ____ ____ ____ her by me last week.

6. Peole use metal for making machines. Metal ____ ____ for making machines.

7. He made me do that for him. I ____ ____ ____ that for him.

8.I have given this book to the library. This book ___ ____ ____ to the library.

9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? ____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago?

10.We'll put on an English play in our school.An English play ____ ____ _____ on in our school.

11.More and more farmers buy colour TV sets. Colour TV sets ___ ___ ___ more and more farmers.

12.My brother often mends his watch. His watch ____ ____ ____ by my brother.

13.We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must ___ ___ (by us) every day.

14.They use knives for cutting things. Knives ___ ___ for cutting things.

15.He made the farmers work for a long time. The farmers ____ ____ ____ ____ for a long time.

16.Did he break the window yesterday? ____ the window ___ ____ ___ yesterday?

17.They have sold out the light green dresses. The light green dresses ____ _____ ____ out.

18.We clean the classroom every day. The classroom ____ ____ every day.

19. You must not plant trees in very dry earth. Trees ___ ____ _____ _____ in very dry earth.

20.You can dig a hole in the earth. A Hole ____ ____ _____ in the earth.

二、 用动词的正确语态填空。

1. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.

2. That play _______(put) on again sometime next month. 3. The old man is ill. He ______(must send) to the hospital.

4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop.

5. What _______ a knife ______ (make) of? It _______________(make) of metal and wood.

6. A Piano concert _____________(give) here last Friday. 7. ______ the magazine ____(can take) out of the library?

8. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day. 9. The stars _____________ (can see) in the daytime.

10. Some flowers __________(water) by Li Ming already. 11. These kinds of machines __________(make) in Japan.

12. Apples _________ ________(grow) in this farm.

13. Russian _______ ______ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.

14. Planes,cars and trains _____ _____ (use) by business people for travelling.

15. The cinema ______ _____ (bulid) in 1985. 16. The bike ___ ____ ____ ___ (must not put) here.

17. A beautiful horse ____ ____ ___ (draw) by John next day.

18. This kind of machine ______ _____(can made) by uncle Wang.

19. Mr. Green ___ ___ (open) two new school. 20. The PLA ______ ______ (found) on August 1st,1927.

21. By the time he was ten, the boy ________(learn)English and French.

22. How long _____ your uncle ____(be) in the city?

23. ______ you ____(see) the film yet? Yes, I _______(see) it last week.

24. Uncle Wang ____________(live) here since 1980 25. Listen! Someone _________(sing).

26. Tom ________(not have) breakfast yesterday morning.