2017年12月大学英语六级真题试卷(三)(题后含答案及解析)

2017年12月大学英语六级真题试卷（三） (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation

Part I Writing

1． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Help others, and you will be helped when you are in need. “ You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

正确答案： Be Generous with Your Help When it comes to the topic of help, we are frequently told that, “Help others, and you will be helped when you are in need. “ Simple as the saying is, it implies the importance of helping others in need. What I learn from the remark, in short words, is that helping others is helping yourself. Examples can easily be found to make this point clearer. The story of the ant and the dove is a case in point. An ant slipped into the river when drinking along the river. A dove heard his cries for help and threw him a leaf, which helped the ant float back to the bank. After a few days, a hunter was raising his gun to the dove as she was building her nest. Seeing this, the ant ran quickly to bite the hunter’s leg. The dove heard the hunter’s scream and flew away. All in all, this example indicates that when we offer our help to others, we are leaving a way open for the future. Helping others is a virtue, and we should take some measures to carry forward this virtue and do others a favor. Only in this way can we build a loving and harmonious society.

解析： “帮助他人”是我们日常生活中非常熟悉的话题。本文是一篇语句点评类作文，要求我们针对所给引言“帮助他人，你在困难的时候就能获得帮助”给出自己的观点。首先，考生需要从引言出发，解释其内涵，进而将重点放在阐述帮助他人，你在困难的时候就能获得帮助的重要性上，在阐述论点时，既可以分条阐述帮助他人的重要性，也可以采用例证法，使论点鲜活易懂。

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

听力原文：W: You are going to give a short speech of thanks for the speaker this evening, aren’t you, Bill?M: Yes.W: You don’t sound very enthusiastic. It’s not that bad, is it?M: No. I don’t mind, really. But I can never forget the first speech of thanks I did.W: Why? What happened?M: Well, I was in my early twenties. I joined the local history society.W: Yes?M: Anyway, I went along to a lecture by a Miss Bligh.W: Oh. Do go on.M: She was going to talk with slides about our town in the mid-18th century. She had just published a book on the subject which was reckoned to be quite good. So

I went along. When I arrived, the secretary asked me if I could give the speech of thanks. Rather stupidly, I said yes. W: We’ve all done it. M: Anyway, from that point on, I was scared. What should I say? I decided to make notes during the lecture, and refer to interesting parts and thank her on behalf of the society. In fact, by the time Miss Bligh stood up to talk, I was feeling much better. But she was so nervous that she kept forgetting what to say, and she spoke almost in a whisper. People at the back kept calling out “We can’t hear. “ It was embarrassing! W: I can imagine it. M: At least the slides were good, that is, until the bulb in the projector blew. And she had to finish her talk with no illustrations. W: So what did you say in your speech of thanks? M: What can you say? You have to be polite. I mentioned the interesting facts, referred to the excellent slides, and then finished by saying “We’d all like to thank Miss Bligh for blowing out her slides. “ W: Oh, no.M: I felt terrible. I tried to apologize, not very successfully. W: And the speech of thanks this evening? M: I’ll write down exactly what I’m going to say and read it carefully.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What is the man asked to do this evening?2. What do we learn about the man?3. What does the man say about Miss Bligh?4. What does the man say about the first time he gave a speech of thanks?

2．

A．Say a few words to thank the speaker. B．Introduce the speaker to the audience. C．Give a lecture on the history of the town. D．Host a talk on how to give a good speech.

正确答案：A

解析：对话开头，女士问男士他是否会在当晚的讲座上对讲话人致谢，男士对这一说法给出了肯定的回答。因此答案为A)。

3．

A．He was the founder of the local history society. B．He has worked with Miss Bligh for 20 years. C．He has published a book on public speaking. D．He joined the local history society when young.

正确答案：D

解析：对话中男士提到，二十多岁的时候，他加入了当地的一个历史社团。因此答案为D)。

4．

A．She was obviously better at talking than writing. B．She had a good knowledge of the town’s history. C．Her speech was so funny as to amuse the audience. D．Her ancestors came to the town in the 18th century.

正确答案：B

解析：对话中，男士说Miss Bligh的讲座是关于他们镇在十八世纪中叶的历史，Miss Bligh刚刚出版了一本关于该主题的书，而且这本书写得很不错。由此可知，Miss Bligh对于该城镇的历史有着比较透彻的了解。因此答案为B)。

5．

A．He read exactly what was written in his notes. B．He kept forgetting what he was going to say. C．He made an embarrassing remark. D．He was too nervous to speak up.

正确答案：C

解析：根据男士的描述，在致谢辞的末尾，他提到了Miss Bligh做讲座时十分尴尬的一个场景，虽然他试图为这句不合适的话道歉，但效果并不好。由此推断，男士做了一个十分尴尬的致谢辞。因此答案为C)。

听力原文：W: Another cup of tea, Paul?M: No, thanks. Well, what’s new, Laury?W: Nothing dramatic. But there is something you should know about.M: What’s that?W: Well, our rivals are offering extended credit terms to some of the retailers in the area.M: Oh? Which rival is this? We only have two.W: Barratts Company.M: Oh, them. Well, they are hardly a threat.W: I know they are smaller than us, but we can’t afford to ignore them.M: Yes, you are right, Laury. But I don’t like extended credit. It ties up cash we could put to better use elsewhere. But, I’ll look into it on Monday. W: Yes. And there is something else. M: Don’t tell me! The letter from the tax revenue office? W: Right. How did you know? M: Tara told me. What’s the problem?W: Well. Tom got this letter late yesterday and then went frantic trying to find copies of last year’s accounts. M: Did he find them?W: No. And he was away before I could get hold of the letter. M: How about a drive down to the office now? And we’ll see if everything’s all right. There’s another reason why I wanted a chat with you before Monday. W: I thought as much. Well, go on, surprise me.M: How about selling that new motorcycle of yours in Indonesia? W: What? You mean export? Paul, I think you’ve been away too long. This is Jayal Motors. We’ve never sold a bike abroad. M: Don’t worry, Laury. I’m not crazy. I’ve been studying the possibility and I think we should give it ago. W: It’s not as easy as that though, is it? We’d have to reorganize the whole company. M: Don’t be silly. I don’t intend starting next week. We’ll have to plan it properly. Of course, there will be a few problems... W: A few problems? I can see hundreds. For one thing, transport. I have enough trouble delivering bikes to shops only 40 miles away, never mind 5,000 miles! M: That’s what forwarding agents are for.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What does the woman think the man should know?6. What does the woman think of Barratts Company?7. What did the woman say about the letter from the tax revenue office?8. What is the man thinking of doing?

6．

A．What their retailers demand. B．What their rivals are doing.

C．How they are going to beat their rivals. D．How dramatically the market is changing.

正确答案：B

解析：对话开头，女士对男士说有件事情他应该知道，他们的竞争对手对该地区的部分零售商提供了信贷延期条款。也就是说，女士认为男士应该了解对手正在做什么，因此答案为B)。

7．

A．They should be taken seriously. B．They are rapidly catching up.

C．Their business strategy is quite effective. D．Their potential has been underestimated.

正确答案：A

解析：对话中，男士对Barratts Company的行为没当回事，说他们根本就构不成威胁，但女士却不赞同，她认为，虽然对手的规模比不上他们公司，但不能忽视这个对手。也就是说，她认为应该认真看待竞争对手，因此答案为A)。

8．

A．She had given it to Tom.

B．It simply made her go frantic. C．She had not seen it yet.

D．It was not much of a big concern.

正确答案：C

解析：女士说，税务局的来信是Tom收到的，然后Tom就翻箱倒柜地找去年的账目，但是没有找到。而且，她还没能看看信的内容，Tom就走了。也就是说，女士还没有看到信，故答案为C)。

9．

A．Restructuring the whole company. B．Employing more forwarding agents.

C．Promoting cooperation with Jayal Motors. D．Exporting their motorbikes to Indonesia.

正确答案：D

解析：对话中，男士告诉女士，他有将新摩托车销售到印度尼西亚的想法，关于这一想法，他已经考虑了一阵子，认为应该尝试一下。因此答案为D)。

Section B

听力原文： A report on sleep and nutrition released this month found that people who consistently went to bed earlier than 11 p. m. took in fewer calories and

ate more healthy food. In contrast, “night owls” who go to bed between 11 p. m. and 3 a. m. tend to consume more coffee, alcohol, refined sugars and processed meats than early risers. This report corresponds with the existing scientific literature on bedtime and wellness. The relationship between getting more sleep and making better food choices is well-documented. A study published last year in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that people who sleep more tend to eat less unhealthy food than their peers who don’t get as much rest. And a 2015 study from the University of California, Berkeley, found that teens who go to bed late are more likely to gain weight over a five-year period. As a group, “night owl” types tend to eat less healthy food and take in more calories overall than early risers. The later one goes to bed, the more calories one records the next day. As yet a challenge to explain the cause-and-effect relationship between sleep and nutrition, there may be a third factor that impacts both of them. Or the relationship could be reversed, that is, people who eat less fall asleep earlier. Still, if late sleepers want to lose a few pounds, they can go to bed earlier than they usually do, thereby, reducing their chances of taking snacks before bedtime.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. What do we learn about the report released this month?10. What does the study from the University of California, Berkeley, find about teens who go to bed late?11. What should “night owls” do to reduce their consumption of unhealthy food?

10．

A．It makes claims in conflict with the existing research. B．It focuses on the link between bedtime and nutrition. C．It cautions against the overuse of coffee and alcohol. D．It shows that “night owls” work much less efficiently.

正确答案：B

解析：短文开头便提到了一个关于睡眠与营养的报告，该报告指出，能够在晚上11点之前上床睡觉的人摄入的卡路里比较少，饮食也比较健康，反之，在晚上11点与凌晨3点之间上床睡觉的“夜猫子”摄人咖啡、酒精、精制糖以及精肉比较多。因此答案为B)。

11．

A．They pay greater attention to food choice. B．They tend to achieve less than their peers. C．They run a higher risk of gaining weight. D．They stand a greater chance to fall sick.

正确答案：C

解析：短文中明确指出，2015年加州大学伯克利分校做了一个研究，他们发现睡得晚的青少年更有可能在未来五年内出现体重增长。因此答案为C)。

12．

A．Get up late.

B．Sleep 8 hours a day.

C．Exercise more. D．Go to bed earlier.

正确答案：D

解析：短文最后给出了建议，如果睡得晚的人想要减掉几磅体重，他们可以比平时早点上床睡觉，这样做可以减少他们在睡前吃零食的可能性。因此，早睡可以有助于“夜猫子”改善不健康的饮食结构。因此答案为D)。

听力原文： Researchers have found not just a diversity problem in Hollywood but actually an inclusion crisis. With less than a week before an Oscars ceremony that has already been criticized for an all-white list of acting nominees, a study shows the film industry does worse than television. Just 3.4 percent of film directors were female, and only 7 percent of films had a cast whose balance of race and ethnicity reflected the country’s diversity. When researchers looked at all TV shows, they also found that women of color over 40 were regarded as “largely invisible” and just 22 percent of TV series creators were female. Overall, the study found half the films and TV shows had no Asian speaking characters and more than one-fifth of them had no black characters with dialogue. The film industry still functions as a straight, white, boy’s club. When looking at how women are depicted, the study found female characters were four times more likely to be shown in sexy clothing and nearly four times as likely to be referred to as physically attractive. But their results also indicated films and TV shows with women or people of color in the important jobs behind the scenes—director, producer or writer—tended to have better diversity numbers. Across TV and film, the underrepresentation of non-white characters falls mostly on Hispanics. Among more than 10,000 characters, proportions of white, black and Asian characters came close to U. S. population figures. But Hispanics were just 5. 8 percent of characters, despite being about 17 percent of the U. S. population.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. Why has the Oscars ceremony been criticized?13. What do we learn from the research?14. Who are regarded as “largely invisible” on TV shows?15. What does the speaker say about Hispanics?

13．

A．All of the acting nominees are white. B．It has got too much publicity on TV. C．It is prejudiced against foreign films. D．Only 7% of the nominees are female.

正确答案：A

解析：短文中提到，距离奥斯卡颁奖典礼还有不到一周的时间，因提名人员全都是白人而饱受批评，研究发现电影业的情况确实要比电视业更糟糕。因此答案为A)。

14．

A．22 percent of movie directors were people of color. B．Half of the TV programs were ethnically balanced.

C．Only one-fifth of TV shows had black characters. D．Only 3.4 percent of film directors were women.

正确答案：D

解析：短文中明确提到，只有3．4％的电影导演是女性。因此答案为D)。

15．

A．Non-white males. B．Program creators.

C．Females of color over 40. D．Asian speaking characters.

正确答案：C

解析：短文中提到，研究人员研究电视节目时发现，节目中“几乎见不到”40岁以上的有色人种女性。因此答案为C)。

16．

A．They constitute 17% of Hollywood movie characters. B．They are most underrepresented across TV and film. C．They contribute little to the U. S. film industry. D．They account for 8.5% of the U. S. population.

正确答案：B

解析：短文中提到，统观电视和电影，非白人角色中人数最少的就是西班牙裔人群。因此答案为B)。

Section C

听力原文： When purchasing life insurance, there are many important factors to consider. One should buy the policies that give the most protection at the least cost, ensure the right family members, and consider the family’s financial needs. It is important to buy the insurance from companies that are financially sound and that are represented by honest, well-trained agents. At various stages in a person’s life, different kinds of life insurance are needed for particular situations. Jerry is single and has no dependents. Probably the only life insurance he needs is enough to cover his debts and burial expenses. Insurance can be purchased at a lower rate during the young years, but by buying while young, the premiums are paid in for a longer period of time. In the end, the amount paid for premiums is about the same. A person shouldn’t buy insurance protection that really isn’t necessary. Suppose that Jerry marries Jeannette, who is a college graduate and is working. Perhaps enough insurance would be needed to cover their debts and burial expenses. Now, Jeannette has quit work and their first child is on the way. They have purchased a home with a small down payment and a 30-year mortgage. The situation regarding life insurance takes on a different look. There are dependents who need financial protection. How

much insurance is needed? As the family increases in size, it is essential to add more insurance on the breadwinner to protect the dependents. When the children are young and depend upon the family for financial needs, families with modest incomes have difficulty providing enough life insurance to protect the mother and the children. Families with modest incomes should insure the breadwinner or breadwinners first. When considering the amount of insurance for the mother with dependent children, substitute child care is a need that should be planned for until the children can care for themselves. The death of a small child would have no effect upon the income of the family. Perhaps a policy to meet funeral expenses would be sufficient for the young child, although most people do not take out insurance on their young children. As the children become financially independent of the family, the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years. Every family situation is different, but it is important that each family give adequate thought to planning its financial future.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. What life insurance should a single person buy, according to the speaker?17. What should people do as their family increases in size?18. When should one change their life insurance?

17．

A．One that can provide for emergency needs. B．One that can pay for their medical expenses. C．One that covers their debts and burial expenses. D．One that ensures a healthy life for their later years.

正确答案：C

解析：讲话者以Jerry为例进行讲述：Jerry单身且无家属，所以他可能仅需要能够抵债以及支付葬礼费用的保险。因此答案为C)。

18．

A．Purchase insurance for their children. B．Save sufficient money for a rainy day. C．Buy a home with a small down payment. D．Add more insurance on the breadwinner.

正确答案：D

解析：讲座中提到，Jerry的生活发生了变化，他结婚生子，并且贷款买了房子，妻子也不再工作，全家的经济负担现在都由他来承担。讲话者认为，随着家庭成员的增加，挣钱养家的人应该追加更多保险，这样才能为其他家庭成员提供足够的保障。因此答案为D)。

19．

A．When their children grow up and leave home. B．When they have saved enough for retirement. C．When their family move to a different place. D．When they have found better-paying jobs.

正确答案：A

解析：讲座末尾指出，当子女经济独立后，家庭的经济保险重点也应该由提供保障转向为退休后的生活而存钱。讲座中的become financially independent of the family与A)选项中的their children grow up and leave home虽然不是直接的同义转述，但所表达的都是子女在经济上不依赖于父母，已经可以独立的意思，因此答案为A)。

听力原文： “Stereotype” may sound like a bad word, but there’s nothing bad about it. For one thing, stereotypes are often accurate. When you ask people about their concept of stereotypes, they get it pretty much right. Also, stereotypes are often positive, particularly of groups that we ourselves belong to. Some of the statistical generalizations may be positive as some groups have reputations for being smart, for being loyal, for being brave, for all sorts of things that are not at all negative. And so there’s nothing inherently wrong about stereotypes. But there are problems with stereotypes. For one thing, they’re reliable insofar as they’re based on unbiased samples. But a lot of the information we get about human groups is through biased sources like how they’re represented in the media. And if these sources don’t give you an accurate depiction, your stereotype won’t be accurate. For example, many Jews have been troubled by Shakespeare’s depiction of Shylock. If the only Jew you know is Shakespeare’s Shylock, it’s going to be a very bad impression. So one problem with stereotypes is while we are good at drawing conclusions from them, often our information isn’t reliable. A second problem is that stereotypes, regardless of whether or not they’re accurate, can have a negative effect on the people that they apply to. And this is what psychologist, Claude Steele, described as stereotype threat. He has a vivid example of this. Here’s how to make African-Americans do worse on a math test. You have the test and you put on the test that they have to identify their race. The very act of acknowledging that they are African-Americans when given a test ignites in them thoughts of their own stereotype which is negative regarding academics and that makes them do worse. Want to know how to make a woman do worse on a math test? Same thing, get her to write down her sex. One recent study found a sort of clever twist on this. When Asian-American women are given a test and they’re asked to mark down their race, they do better than they would otherwise do. They’re reminded of a positive stereotype that boosts their morale. You ask them, on the other hand, to mark down their sex, they do worse because they’re reminded of a negative stereotype. That’s an example of how stereotypes have a potentially damaging effect on people.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. What does the speaker say about stereotypes?20. What leads to the bias of stereotypes?21. What does the speaker say is a problem with stereotypes?22. What did one recent study find about stereotypes?

20．

A．They do more harm than good. B．They have often been ignored. C．They do not help build friendship.

D．They may not always be negative.

正确答案：D

解析：讲座开头讲话者指出，虽然“固有印象”听起来是个贬义词，但其实并非如此。接下来，讲话人给出了这一说法的依据，说明有些固有印象是正面的，有些固有印象其实还十分准确。之后又话锋一转，指出固有印象也确实有些问题。因此答案为D)。

21．

A．Biased sources of information. B．Ignorance of cultural differences. C．Misinterpretation of Shakespeare. D．Tendency to jump to conclusions.

正确答案：A 解析：讲话者提到固有印象的第一个问题时指出，只有在形成依据是公允的、不偏不倚的情况下，所形成的固有印象才是公允的。反之，如果消息来源本身就带有偏见，那就不可能形成公允的印象。因此答案为A)。

22．

A．They are hard to dismiss once attached to a certain group. B．They may have a negative impact on people they apply to. C．They persist even when circumstances have changed. D．They are often applied to minorities and ethnic people.

正确答案：B

解析：讲话者说，固有印象的第二个问题在于，不论其本身正确与否，对于那些被套用固有印象进行判断的人来说，他们都会受到某些负面影响。因此答案为B)。

23．

A．They impact people more or less in the same way. B．Some people are more sensitive to them than others.

C．A positive stereotype may help one achieve better results. D．A negative stereotype sticks while a positive one does not.

正确答案：C 解析：讲话者在讲座最后说，最近关于固有印象的一项研究有一个不同的发现：在对亚裔美国女性进行测试时，要求她们标记自己的种族特征，这些女性在测试中可以取得更好的成绩。由此可知，某些固有印象给人带来的是正面的、积极的刺激，有助于人们取得更好的结果。因此答案为C)。

听力原文： Sometimes when you take a common drug, you may have a side effect. That is, the drug may cause some effect other than its intended one. When

these side effects occur, they are called adverse reactions. Whenever you have an adverse reaction, you should stop taking the drug right away. Ask your pharmacist whether he can suggest a drug that will relieve the symptoms but that will not cause the adverse reaction. If an adverse reaction to a drug is serious, consult your doctor for advice at once. Drugs that are safe in the dosage stated on the label may be very dangerous in large doses. For example, aspirin is seldom thought of as dangerous, but there are many reports of accidental poisoning of young children who take too many aspirin pills as well as the possible development of Reye syndrome in children with flu. In adults, excessive use of some pain-killing drugs may cause severe kidney damage. Some drugs for relief of stomach upsets, when taken in excess, can perhaps cause serious digestive problems. You should never use any over-the-counter drug on a regular, continued basis, or in large quantities, except on your doctor’s advice. You could be suffering from a serious illness that needs a doctor’s care. Each drug you take not only acts on the body but may also alter the effect of any other drug you are taking. Sometimes this can cause dangerous or even fatal reactions. For example, aspirin increases the blood-thinning effects of drugs given to patients with heart disease. Therefore, a patient who has been taking such a drug may risk bleeding if he or she uses aspirin for a headache. Before using several drugs together you should ask your doctor and follow his advice. Your pharmacist can tell you whether certain drugs can safely be taken together. Alcohol may increase the effect of a drug—sleeping pills combine with alcohol to produce a sleepy feeling. When taking any drug, you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in combination with the medicine. Experts believe there is a relationship between adult abuse of legitimate medicines and the drug culture that has swept our country. You can do your share to reduce the chances that your children will become part of the drug culture by treating all medicines with respect. Always let your children know that medicines and drugs should not be used carelessly.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. What does the speaker say you should do when you have an adverse reaction?24. What does the speaker say about alcohol drinking?25. What does the speaker call on parents to do at the end of the talk?

24．

A．Use some over-the-counter medicine instead. B．Quit taking the medicine immediately. C．Take some drug to relieve the side effect.

D．Ask your pharmacist to explain why it occurs.

正确答案：B

解析：讲座中讲话者明确指出，如果所服用的药物产生了副作用，那么应该立即停止服用这种药物。因此答案为B)。

25．

A．It may help patients fall asleep. B．It may lead to mental problems.

C．It may cause serious harm to one’s liver.

D．It may increase the effect of certain drugs.

正确答案：D 解析：讲座中讲话者提到，酒精会增强某些药的药效——安眠药与酒精配合会产生困倦感。因此答案为D)。

26．

A．Tell their children to treat medicines with respect. B．Keep medicines out of the reach of their children. C．Make sure their children use quality medicines. D．Ask their children to use legitimate medicines.

正确答案：A

解析：讲座最后讲话者提到，父母可以教育孩子，让他们对药物心存敬畏，这样就可以大大降低孩子们产生药物依赖的几率。因此答案为A)。

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

Many European countries have been making the shift to electric vehicles and Germany has just stated that they plan to ban the sale of vehicles using gasoline and diesel as fuel by 2030. The country is also planning to reduce its carbon footprint by 80-95% by 2050,【C1】______a shift to green energy in the country. Effectively, the ban will include the registration of new cars in the country as they will not allow any gasoline【C2】______vehicle to be registered after 2030. Part of the reason this ban is being discussed and【C3】______is because energy officials see that they will not reach their emissions goals by 2050 if they do not【C4】______a large portion of vehicle emissions. The country is still【C5】______that it will meet its emissions goals, like reducing emissions by 40% by 2020, but the【C6】______of electric cars in the country has not occurred as fast as expected. Other efforts to increase the use of electric vehicles include plans to build over 1 million hybrid and electric car battery charging stations across the country. By 2030, Germany plans on having over 6 million charging stations【C7】______. According to the International Business Times, electric car sales are expected to increase as Volkswagen is still recovering from its emissions scandal. There are【C8】______around 155,000 registered hybrid and electric vehicles on German roads, dwarfed by the 45 million gasoline and diesel cars driving there now. As countries continue setting goals of reducing emissions, greater steps need to be taken to have a【C9】______effect on the surrounding environment. While the efforts are certainly not【C10】______, the results of such bans will likely only start to be seen by generations down the line, bettering the world for the future.A)acceptance I)incidentallyB)currently J)installedC)disrupting K)noticeableD)eliminate L)poweredE)exhaust M)restorationF)futile N)skepticalG)hopeful O)sparking H)implemented

27． 【C1】

正确答案：O

解析：此空格所在句为主句的附属结构，且主句主语为The country，故此处应填入现在分词表目的，备选项有disrupting或sparking。该句意为“德国还计划到2050年时将本国的碳排放量降低80％一95％，以______本国向绿色能源的转变。”由常识可知，降低碳排放量和促进使用清洁能源都是保护环境的手段，两者目的相同，并不矛盾，故排除disrupting“扰乱”，sparking“引起，推动”为答案。

28． 【C2】

正确答案：L

解析：空格位于名词gasoline“汽油”和名词vehicle“汽车”之间，需要填入一个词，使gasoline和vehicle之间产生逻辑联系。根据常识可知，汽车的燃料是汽油，燃料可以提供动力，故答案为powered“以……为动力的”。根据空格处与前后词之间的逻辑联系排除其他选项。

29． 【C3】

正确答案：H

解析：空格前为is being discussed and，空格处与discussed处于并列位置，都在is being done的大结构中，因此应填入动词过去分词，备选项为implemented“实施”和installed“安装”。该句意为“这项禁令之所以被讨论和______，部分原因在于……”，根据常识可知，法令可以“被实施”但不能“被安装”，故答案为H)implemented，同时排除J)installed。

30． 【C4】

正确答案：D

解析：空格位于if引导的条件状语从句中，且处于该从句的谓语位置，谓语处使用donot进行否定，由此判断应填入动词原形，备选项为eliminate“消除，排除”和exhaust“使疲惫”。结合该句句意“这项禁令之所以被讨论和实施，部分原因在于能源部的官员认为如果不能______大部分的车辆排放，则无法完成2050年的减排目标。”根据常识可知，没有“使碳排放疲惫”这种说法，因此排除exhaust，故答案为eliminate“消除，排除”。

31． 【C5】

正确答案：G

解析：空格位于系动词is之后，从句引导词that之前，由此可知应填入一个形容词。备选形容词有futile“无用的，徒劳的”，hopeful“有希望的”，noticeable

“显著的”和skeptical“怀疑的”。结合该句句意“德国仍然 能够完成目标，如到2020年时将排放量降低40％，然而……”，通过“but”一词，可知该句前半部分表示肯定含义，故排除表示否定含义的futile和skeptical，又因为noticeable填入空格处之后逻辑意义混乱，故亦排除，因此答案为hopeful。

32． 【C6】

正确答案：A

解析：空格位于定冠词the和介词of之间，因此应填入名词，备选项为acceptance“接受，认可”和restoration“恢复，复原”。空格所在句谈到“德国仍然希望能够完成目标，如到2020年时将排放量降低40％，然而该国对电动汽车的______没有预期中的那么快。”根据常识可知，此时若填入restoration“对电动汽车的复原”，则上文某处应先提到“对电动汽车的禁止”，可实际上并未提及，故答案为acceptance“接受，认可”。

33． 【C7】

正确答案：J

解析：空格位于整句结尾处，位于have sth．done的结构中，由此判断应填入动词过去分词，备选项中只剩installed“安装”一词，且“安装充电站”符合语义搭配，故答案为installed。

34． 【C8】

正确答案：B

解析：空格所在句的主要成分齐全，该空即使不填也无伤大雅，由此判断可填入一个副词，备选项为currently“现在”和incidentally“顺便地，附带地”。结合该句句意“______德国的道路上有大约155，000辆注册过的混合动力车，跟4，500万辆汽油车和柴油车相比，可以说是相形见绌。”根据常识进行判断，此处若填入incidentally则句意不通顺，故答案为currently“现在”。

35． 【C9】

正确答案：K 解析：空格位于冠词a之后，名词effect之前，由此判断可填入一个形容词，备选形容词有futile“无用的，徒劳的”，noticeable“显著的”和skeptical“怀疑的”。又因为a skeptical effect“怀疑的影响”不符合语义搭配，故排除，此时备选项只剩futile和noticeable两词。空格所在句的句意为“随着各国都在不断设置减排目标，此时需要采取更有力的措施才能使其对环境产生______影响。”按照常理分析，“更有力的措施”应该产生“变好或积极”的影响，故答案为noticeable“显著的”，同时排除futile“无用的，徒劳的”。

36． 【C10】

正确答案：F

解析：空格位于系动词are之后，可填入名词或形容词，构成系表结构。若填入名词，需使用名词的复数形式，但备选项中无符合该要求的词；若填入形容词，只有futile“无用的，徒劳的”符合文意。将futile填入空格后，本句含义为“这些禁令旨在使未来的世界变得更加美好，我们所做的努力肯定不是徒劳的，但这些禁令的效果可能只有子孙后代才能看到。”整句语义通顺，逻辑清晰，故答案为futile“无用的，徒劳的”。

Section B

Apple’s Stance Highlights a More Confrontational Tech Industry[A] The battle between Apple and law enforcement officials over unlocking a terrorist’s smartphone is the culmination of a slow turning of the tables between the technology industry and the United States government.[B] After revelations by the former National Security Agency contractor Edward J. Snowden in 2013 that the government both cozied up to(讨好)certain tech companies and hacked into others to gain access to private data on an enormous scale, tech giants began to recognize the United States government as a hostile actor. But if the confrontation has crystallized in this latest battle, it may already be heading toward a predictable conclusion: In the long run, the tech companies are destined to emerge victorious.[C] It may not seem that way at the moment. On the one side, you have the United States government’s mighty legal and security apparatus fighting for data of the most sympathetic sort: the secrets buried in a dead mass murderer’s phone. The action stems from a federal court order issued on Tuesday requiring Apple to help the Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI)to unlock an iPhone used by one of the two attackers who killed 14 people in San Bernardino, California, in December.[D] In the other corner is the world’s most valuable company, whose chief executive, Timothy Cook, has said he will appeal the court’s order. Apple argues that it is fighting to preserve a principle that most of us who are addicted to our smartphones can defend: Weaken a single iPhone so that its contents can be viewed by the American government and you risk weakening all iPhones for any government intruder, anywhere.[E] There will probably be months of legal confrontation, and it is not at all clear which side will prevail in court, nor in the battle for public opinion and legislative favor. Yet underlying all of this is a simple dynamic: Apple, Google, Facebook and other companies hold most of the cards in this confrontation. They have our data, and their businesses depend on the global public’s collective belief that they will do everything they can to protect that data.[F] Any crack in that front could be fatal for tech companies that must operate worldwide. If Apple is forced to open up an iPhone for an American law enforcement investigation, what is to prevent it from doing so for a request from the Russians or the Iranians? If Apple is forced to write code that lets the FBI get into the Phone 5c used by Syed Rizwan Farook, the male attacker in the San Bernardino attack, who would be responsible if some hacker got hold of that code and broke into its other devices?[G] Apple’s stance on these issues emerged post-Snowden, when the company started putting in place a series of technologies that, by default, make use of encryption(加密)to limit access to people’s

data. More than that, Apple—and, in different ways, other tech companies, including Google, Facebook, Twitter and Microsoft—have made their opposition to the government’s claims a point of corporate pride.[H] Apple’s emerging global brand is privacy: it has staked its corporate reputation, not to mention the investment of considerable technical and financial resources, on limiting the sort of mass surveillance that was uncovered by Mr. Snowden. So now, for many cases involving governmental intrusions into data, once-lonely privacy advocates find themselves fighting alongside the most powerful company in the world.[I] “A comparison point is in the 1990s battles over encryption,” said Kurt Opsahl, general counsel of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a privacy watchdog group. “Then you had a few companies involved, but not one of the largest companies in the world coming out with a lengthy and impassioned post, like we saw yesterday from Timothy Cook. Its profile has really been raised. “[J] Apple and other tech companies hold another ace: the technical means to keep making their devices more and more inaccessible. Note that Apple’s public opposition to the government’s request is itself a hindrance to mass government intrusion. And to get at the contents of a single iPhone, the government says it needs a court order and Apple’s help to write new code: in earlier versions of the iPhone, ones that were created before Apple found religion on(热衷于)privacy, the FBI might have been able to break into the device by itself.[K] You can expect that noose(束缚)to continue to tighten. Experts said that whether or not Apple loses this specific case, measures that it could put into place in the future will almost certainly be able to further limit the government’s reach.[L] That is not to say that the outcome of the San Bernardino case is insignificant. As apple and several security experts have argued, an order compelling Apple to write software that gives the FBI access to the iPhone in question would establish an unsettling precedent. The order essentially asks Apple to hack its own devices, and once it is in place, the precedent could be used to justify law enforcement efforts to get around encryption technologies in other investigations far removed from national security threats.[M] Once armed with a method for gaining access to iPhones, the government could ask to use it proactively(先发制人地), before a suspected terrorist attack—leaving Apple in a bind as to whether to comply or risk an attack and suffer a public-relations nightmare. “This is a brand new move in the war against encryption,” Mr. Opsahl said. “ We have had plenty of debates in Congress and the media over whether the government should have a backdoor, and this is an end run(迂回战术)around that—here they come with an order to create that backdoor. “[N] Yet it is worth noting that even if Apple ultimately loses this case, it has plenty of technical means to close a backdoor over time. “ If they are anywhere near worth their salt as engineers, I bet they are rethinking their threat model as we speak,” said Jonathan Zdziarski, a digital expert who studies the iPhone and its vulnerabilities.[O] One relatively simple fix, Mr. Zdziarski said, would be for Apple to modify future versions of the iPhone to require a user to enter a passcode before the phone will accept the sort of modified operating system that the FBI wants Apple to create. That way, Apple could not unilaterally introduce a code that weakens the iPhone—a user would have to consent to it.[P] “Nothing is 100 percent hacker-proof,” Mr. Zdziarski said, but he pointed out that the

judge’s order in this case required Apple to provide “ reasonable security assistance” to unlock Mr. Farook’s phone. If Apple alters the security model of future iPhones so that even its own engineers’ “reasonable assistance” will not be able to crack a given device when compelled by the government, a precedent set in this case might lose its lasting force. In other words, even if the FBI wins this case, in the long run, it loses.

37． It is a popular belief that tech companies are committed to protecting their customers’ private data.

正确答案：E 解析：定位句提到，全球公众都认为这些公司将尽一切可能来保护这些数据。题干中的It is a popular belief对应原文中的the global public’s collective belief；are committed to对应原文中的do everything they can，题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为[E]。

38． The US government believes that its access to people’s iPhones could be used to prevent terrorist attacks.

正确答案：M

解析：定位句提到，政府一旦获得进入iPhones的方法，就会在潜在的恐怖袭击爆发前先发制人。题干中的be used to prevent对应原文中的use it proactively，题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为[M]。

39． A federal court asked Apple to help the FBI access data in a terrorist’s iPhone.

正确答案：C

解析：定位句提到，去年12月，加利福尼亚州圣贝纳迪诺市，两名袭击者杀死了14人。周二，联邦法院下令要求苹果公司协助联邦调查局的调查，解锁其中一名袭击者曾用过的iPhone手机。题干中的asked Apple to help对应原文中的requiring Apple to help；access data对应原文中的unlock an iPhone，题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为[C]。

40． Privacy advocates now have Apple fighting alongside them against government access to personal data.

正确答案：H

解析：[H]段最后一句提到，那些曾经单打独斗、为隐私而战的倡导者发现现在与世界上最强大的公司一起并肩作战。根据上下文可知，题干中的Apple就是指原文中的the most powerful company in the world，故答案为[H]。

41． Snowden revealed that the American government had tried hard to access private data on a massive scale.

正确答案：B

解析：[B]段首句提到，2013年，美国国家安全局前承包商爱德华·J．斯诺登披露了美国政府拉拢某些技术公司，并侵入其他技术公司以窃取大规模的私人数据。题干中的revealed对应原文中的revelations；access对应原文中的gain access to，题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为[B]。

42． The FBI might have been able to access private data in earlier iPhones without Apple’s help.

正确答案：J

解析：定位句提到，对于早期版本的苹果手机，那时苹果公司还未偏执于保护隐私，所以联邦调查局或许自己就能进入这些设备。题干中的access private data对应原文巾的break into the device，题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为[J]。

43． After the Snowden incident, Apple made clear its position to counter government intrusion into personal data by means of encryption.

正确答案：G 解析：定位句提到，苹果公司在这些问题上的立场是在斯诺登事件出现后形成的，在那之后，公司采用了一系列的技术，这些技术在默认情况下将使用者的数据加密，限制他人访问。题干中的After the Snowden incident对应原文中的post-Snowden；made clear its position对应原文中的Apple’s stance on these issues emerged，故答案为[G]。

44． According to one digital expert, no iPhone can be entirely free from hacking.

正确答案：P

解析：[P]段第一句提到，“没有什么方法能百分之百防止入侵，”兹阿尔斯基说。根据上下文可知题干中的one digital expert指的就是Mr．Zdziarski，题干中的no iPhone can be entirely free from hacking对应原文中的Nothing is 100 percent hacker-proof，故答案为[P]。

45． Timothy Cook’s long web post has helped enhance Apple’s image.

正确答案：I

解析：[I]段定位句提到，但那时可没有一家世界上最大的公司用一篇充满激情的长文站出来表态，就像我们昨天看到的蒂姆-库克所做的那样。这的确提升了苹果公司的形象。题干中的long web post对应原文中的a lengthy and impassioned post；helped enhance Apple’s image对应原义中的Its profile has really been raised，题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为[I]。

46． Apple’s CEO has decided to appeal the federal court’s order to unlock a user’s iPhone.

正确答案：D

解析：[D]段提到，苹果公司首席执行官蒂姆-库克表示，他将对法院的命令提出上诉。题干中的Apple’sCEO对应原文中的chief executive，Timothy Cook，题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为[D]。

Section C

At the base of a mountain in Tanzania’s Gregory Rift, Lake Natron burns bright red, surrounded by the remains of animals that were unfortunate enough to fall into the salty water. Bats, swallows and more are chemically preserved in the pose in which they perished, sealed in the deposits of sodium carbonate in the water. The lake’s landscape is bizarre and deadly—and made even more so by the fact that it’s the place where nearly 75 percent of the world’s flamingos(火烈鸟)are born. The water is so corrosive that it can burn the skin and eyes of unadapted animals. Flamingos, however, are the only species that actually makes life in the midst of all that death. Once every three or four years, when conditions are right, the lake is covered with the pink birds as they stop flight to breed. Three-quarters of the world’s flamingos fly over from other salt lakes in the Rift Valley and nest on salt-crystal islands that appear when the water is at a specific level—too high and the birds can’t build their nests, too low and predators can move briskly across the lake bed and attack. When the water hits the right level, the baby birds are kept safe from predators by a corrosive ditch. “Flamingos have evolved very leathery skin on their legs so they can tolerate the salt water,” says David Harper, a professor at the University of Leicester. “Humans cannot, and would die if their legs were exposed for any length of time. “ So far this year, water levels have been too high for the flamingos to nest. Some fish, too, have had limited success vacationing at the lake as less salty lagoons(泻湖)form on the outer edges from hot springs flowing into Lake Natron. Three species of tilapia(罗非鱼)thrive there part-time. “ Fish have a refuge in the streams and can expand into the lagoons when the lake is low and the lagoons are separate,” Harper said. “All the lagoons join when the lake is high and fish must retreat to their stream refuges or die. “ Otherwise, no fish are able to survive in the naturally toxic lake. This unique ecosystem may soon be under pressure. The Tanzanian government has once again started mining the lake for soda ash, used for making chemicals, glass and detergents. Although the planned operation will be located more than 40 miles away,drawing the soda ash in through pipelines, conservationists worry it could still upset the natural water cycle and breeding grounds. For now, though, life prevails—even in a lake that kills almost everything it touches.

47． What can we learn about Lake Natron?

A．It is simply uninhabitable for most animals. B．It remains little known to the outside world. C．It is a breeding ground for a variety of birds. D．It makes an ideal habitat for lots of predators.

正确答案：A

解析：推理判断题。首段第一句指出，在坦桑尼亚格雷戈瑞裂谷的一座山脚下，纳特龙湖呈现出火焰燃烧般的亮红色，周围都是不幸落人咸水中的动物遗体。由此可知，许多动物在纳特龙湖无法生存。第二段前两句提到，湖水的腐蚀性非常强，以至于它能灼伤无法适应的动物的皮肤和眼睛，而火烈鸟实际上是唯一生活在这整片死亡之地中的物种，这进一步表明纳特龙湖不适合火烈鸟以外的动物栖息，故答案为A)。

48． Flamingos nest only when the lake water is at a specific level so that their babies can______.

A．find safe shelter more easily B．grow thick feathers on their feet C．stay away from predators

D．get accustomed to the salty water

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。定位句指出，世界上四分之三的火烈鸟从东非大裂谷的其他盐湖飞过来，在湖水达到特定水位时才出现的盐晶岛上筑巢——如果水位过高，火烈鸟就不能筑巢，如果水位过低，捕食者就会轻快地穿过湖床进行攻击。只有当湖水达到合适的水位时，一条腐蚀性的水沟才能保护幼鸟不被捕食者伤害。由此可知，火烈鸟只有在湖水达到特定水位时才筑巢，这样它们的幼鸟可以避开捕食者，故答案为C)。

49． Flamingos in the Rift Valley are unique in that______. A．they can move swiftly across lagoons B．they can survive well in salty water C．they breed naturally in corrosive ditches D．they know where and when to nest

正确答案：B

解析：推理判断题。第二段提到，火烈鸟是唯一生活在纳特龙湖的物种。紧接着定位句提到火烈鸟的腿上已经进化出非常坚韧粗糙的皮肤，这样它们就可以耐受盐水。由此可知，东非大裂谷的火烈鸟独特的原因是它们粗糙的腿部皮肤让它们可以在盐水中生存并繁殖，故答案为B)。

50． Why can certain species of tilapia sometimes survive around Lake Natron? A．They can take refuge in the less salty waters. B．They can flee quick enough from predators. C．They can move freely from lagoon to lagoon.

D．They can stand the heat of the spring water.

正确答案：A

解析：事实细节题。第四段第一句提到，也有些鱼，能偶尔成功地在纳特龙湖待上一段时间，因为咸度较低的泻湖是在流入纳特龙湖的温泉外缘形成的。紧接着第二句具体指出三种罗非鱼会有部分时间在那里成长。由此可知，这三种罗非鱼有时能生存在纳特龙湖周围，是因为泻湖的咸度较低，故答案为A)。

51． What may be the consequence of Tanzanian government’s planned operation?

A．The accelerated extinction of flamingos. B．The change of flamingos’ migration route. C．The overmining of Lake Natron’s soda ash. D．The disruption of Lake Natron’s ecosystem.

正确答案：D

解析：推理判断题。最后一段第一句指出，这个独特的生态系统可能很快就会面临压力。紧接着第二句说明原因：坦桑尼亚政府再次开采该湖的纯碱，用于制造化学品、玻璃和洗涤剂。第三句则指出尽管规划的工厂将位于40多英里之外，通过管道抽取纯碱，但环保主义者担心它仍会破坏天然的水循环和繁殖地。由此可知，坦桑尼亚政府规划的工厂带来的后果可能是对纳特龙湖生态系统的破坏，故答案为D)。

It is the season for some frantic last-minute math—across the country, employees of all stripes are counting backward in an attempt to figure out just how much paid time-off they have left in their reserves. More of them, though, will skip those calculations altogether and just power through the holidays into 2017: More than half of American workers don’t use up all of their allotted vacation days each year. Not so long ago, people would have turned up their noses at that kind of dedication to the job. As marketing professors Silvia Bellezza, Neeru Paharia, and Anat Keinan recently explained in Harvard Business Review(HBR), leisure time was once seen as an indicator of high social status, something attainable only for those at the top. Since the middle of the 20th century, though, things have turned the opposite way—these days, punishing hours at your desk, rather than days off, are seen as the mark of someone important. In a series of several experiments, the researchers illustrated just how much we’ve come to admire busyness, or at least the appearance of it. Volunteers read two passages, one about a man who led a life of leisure and another about a man who was over-worked and over-scheduled: when asked to determine which of the two had a higher social status, the majority of the participants said the latter. The same held true for people who used products that implied they were short on time: In one experiment, for example, customers of the grocery-delivery service Peapod were seen as of higher status than people who shopped at grocery stores that were equally expensive: in another, people wearing wireless headphones were considered further up on the social ladder than those wearing regular

headphones, even when both were just used to listen to music. In part, the authors wrote in HBR, this pattern may have to do with the way work itself has changed over the past several decades. We think that the shift from leisure-as-status to busyness-as-status may be linked to the development of knowledge-intensive economics. In such economies,individuals who possess the human capital characteristics that employers or clients value(e. g. , competence and ambition)are expected to be in high demand and short supply on the job market. Thus, by telling others that we are busy and working all the time, we are implicitly suggesting that we are sought after, which enhances our perceived status. Even if you feel tempted to sacrifice your own vacation days for fake busyness, though, at least consider leaving your weekends unscheduled. It’s for your own good.

52． What do most employees plan to do towards the end of the year? A．Go for a vacation. B．Keep on working.

C．Set an objective for next year. D．Review the year’s achievements.

正确答案：B

解析：推理判断题。定位句指出，他们当中更多的人会干脆不做这些计算，继续在假期奋战，直至迈人2017年：超过半数的美国员工每年都休不完他们的法定假期。由此可知，大多数员工还是会继续工作，故答案为B)。

53． How would people view dedication to work in the past? A．They would regard it as a matter of course. B．They would consider it a must for success. C．They would look upon it with contempt. D．They would deem it a trick of businessmen.

正确答案：C

解析：事实细节题。定位句指出，不久之前，人们还对这种敬业嗤之以鼻。C)项中的look upon it with contempt是定位句中turned up their noses at的同义转述，故答案为C)。

54． What did the researchers find through a series of experiments? A．The busier one appears, the more respect one earns. B．The more one works, the more one feels exploited.

C．The more knowledge one has, the more competent one will be. D．The higher one’s status, the more vacation time one will enjoy.

正确答案：A

解析：推理判断题。定位句指出，在一系列实验中，研究人员表明了我们对忙碌，或者至少对其表象，有多么崇拜。紧接着第二句利用实验结果进一步证明

了该结论，实验对象认为忙碌的人比悠闲的人社会地位高，也就是说一个人越忙，他的社会地位就越高，人们就越崇拜他，故答案为A)。

55． What may account for the change of people’s attitude towards being busy? A．The fast pace of life in modern society. B．The fierce competition in the job market. C．The widespread use of computer technology. D．The role of knowledge in modern economy.

正确答案：D

解析：事实细节题。定位句指出，我们认为从“闲暇代表社会地位”到“忙碌代表社会地位”的转变可能与知识密集型经济的发展有关。the shift from leisure-as-status to busyness-as-status表明了人们对忙碌的态度转变，由过去认为闲暇代表社会地位高到如今认为忙碌代表社会地位高，而转变的原因在于知识在社会中所起的作用，故答案为D)。

56． What does the author advise us to do at the end of the passage? A．Schedule our time properly for efficiency. B．Plan our weekends in a meaningful way. C．Find time to relax however busy we are. D．Avoid appearing busy when we are not.

正确答案：C

解析：推理判断题。定位句指出，即使你很想牺牲自己的假期来假装忙碌，但至少考虑一下把周末空出来不要安排工作，也就是作者建议人们还是要抽空休息一下，故答案为C)。

Part Ⅳ Translation

57． 洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。洞庭湖是长江的蓄洪池，湖的大小很大程度上取决于季节变化。湖北和湖南两省因其与湖的相对位置而得名：湖北意为“湖的北边”，而湖南则为“湖的南边”。洞庭湖作为龙舟赛的发源地，在中国文化中享有盛名。据说龙舟赛始于洞庭湖东岸，为的是搜寻楚国爱国诗人屈原的遗体。龙舟赛与洞庭湖及周边的美景，每年都吸引着成千上万来自全国和世界各地的游客。

正确答案： Dongting Lake is a large, shallow lake in northeastern Hunan province, China. It is a flood basin of the Yangtze River. Hence, the lake’s size largely depends on the season. The provinces of Hubei and Hunan are named after their location relative to the lake. Hubei means “North of the Lake” and Hunan, “South of the Lake”. Dongting Lake is famous in Chinese culture as the birthplace of dragon boat racing, which is said to have begun on the eastern shores of Dongting Lake as a search for the body of Qu Yuan, the Chu poet(340 -278 BC). Together with the lake and its surrounding beauty, the racing appeals to thousands of tourists from other parts

of China and beyond each year.

解析：1．翻译第一句时，“位于……”常译为：Situated in／Located in…。2．翻译第二句时，“……蓄洪池，湖的大小……”，前者属于事实背景，后面属于判断、表态，除了像参考译文那样翻译，还可译为：“As…，the lake changes its size as seasons change．”或“The lake is…，with its size changing with seasons．”。3．翻译第三句时，可像参考译文切分成几个短句，也可以找各分句的内在逻辑关系，前面属于判断表态，后面属于补充说明，可译为：“主句+with…”的句式。4．翻译最后一句时，有两种处理方式，可像参考译文那样按照中文结构顺句翻译，也可将带有生命力的名词作主语，并遵循数字先行的原则，译为：“Tens of thousands of tourists from…come to Dongting Lake for the dragon boat racing and its beautiful lake view each year．”。