名词性从句

名词性从句功能相当于名词根据其在句中作的成份可分为4种: 主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。 His job is important What he does is important This is his job This is what he does every day. I don’t like his job. I don’t like what he does every day. I don’t know about the man, Mr. White. I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词： that, whether ,if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how阿, why

主语从句

在复合句中充当主语在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。主语 从句可以放句首,但多数放句末.句首用形式主语it.

That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round.

Whether he will come hasn’t been decided. = It hasn’t been decided whether he will come. 注意：连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。 并且whether引导主语从句时不能用if代替。 1. (Whether she likes it or not) doesn’t matter too much. 2. (Who will go to the conference) is not important. 3. (Which country they will go to) is still unknown. 4. (Why he did it) wasn’t quite clear.

5. (When the president will leave for Shanghai) is a secret. 6. (Where he has gone) is not known yet. 主语从句注意事项:

1.) 主语从句通常位于句首,谓语一般用单数.

2.) )当从句意义完整且不缺任何句子成份时,连接词用 that.不能省略.

(1)That he will come is certain.

(2)That he was chosen made us very happy.

3)主句从句作主语, 谓语一般用单数.但有时应视句义而定.如 What we need is more help. What we need are books. 4)可用it作形式主语,将主语从句后移,

其基本句型是: It is/was +形容词/分词/名词+主语从句 It is certain that he will come.

It is right that they ask for better housing and jobs. It is possible that they know him very well. It is a pity that we can’t go to the party. It is believed、hoped、 said、thought that... 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。 而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：

a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。（主从） b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。（主从） c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that (who) broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句

It is a fact that „ 事实是„ It is an honor that „非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that „是常识 (2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句

It is natural that„ 很自然„ It is strange that„ 奇怪的是„ (3) It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句

It seems that„ 似乎„ It happened that„ 碰巧„ It appears that„ 似乎„ (4) It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句

It is reported that„ 据报道„ It has been proved that„ 已证实„

It is said that„ 据说„ 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的四种情况：

（1）It is said /reported„结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：

正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （2）It happens/occurs„结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （3）It doesn’t matter how/whether „结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （4）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?

宾语从句

在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫做宾语从句 1.作及物动词的宾语.

1) She knows that they will win the match.

2) I don’t know whether/if she still works in the town. 3) Tell me when she will come back. 2.宾语从句用作介词宾语

1) He stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly. 2) Everything depends on whether we have enough experience. 3.作afraid, glad, certain, sure等形容词的宾语 1) I am afraid that I will be late. 2) I am glad you passed the exam. 宾语从句注意事项:

1)suggest/insist/desire/demand/request/order后的宾语从句用虚拟语气, 即 : (Should) do, (should) be done

She suggested that we (should) finish our homework first. He insisted that the work (should) be done at once. 2）宾语从句用陈述语序。

3 ) it 可以作为形式宾语

it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：

We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她朋就下个星期就会结婚了。 4)否定的转移

若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy（想要）, guess, imagine（设想）等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。E. G.

I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

表语从句

1.系动词后的从句是表语从句。放在系动词之后， That’s what we should do That is why he was late.

一般结构是“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem. It seems that it is going to rain. (引导表语从句的that常可省略) 另外，常用的还有the reason is that„

The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

注意：在表语从句中，当reason作 主语时，引导词只能用that，不能用because， 和It is because 等结构。E.g. It was because I missed the early bus. Reason 和 because 不能同时出现。

注意：表语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if” The question is whether it is worth doing。

同位语从句

定义：同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语.它通常出现在以下名词的后面,用来说明该名词的具体内容. fact, news, message, idea, suggestion, question, order, problem, belief, thought等. 引导同位语从句的连词通常有 that/whether

1. The fact (that the majority voted for the man) surprised many people. 2. The news (that she passed the college examination) was a great surprise. 3. The question whether they are old or young is not important

同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别

(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语

从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 主从：Do you know the fact that he stole the car?(who不做任何成分)

定从：Do you know the man who is standing over there?（who 作从句里的主语）

(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：

1) The news that（定从作O） he told me is that （同从）Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2) The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）