水产养殖水质自动监测系统

The water quality automatic monitoring system used in aquaculture

分析、概述

Analysis and Overview

就水产养殖现状进行分析，并提出解决方案

To carry on an analysis of the aquacultural situation and to propose solutions 现状分析 Status Analysis

水质监测是保证健康养殖的关键环节，其目的是监测养殖水体温度、DO（溶解氧）、pH、深度、电导率（盐度）、浊度、叶绿素、氨氮等对水产品生长有重大影响的水质参数，根据需要进行水质调节，为水产品提供最佳的生长环境。目前大多数的水产养殖业基本上仍采用人工取样、化学分析的监测方式，耗时费力、精度不高、即时性差，并且需要专业人员进行操作。一些企业配备了便携式水质监测仪或水质在线监测仪，但由于技术和产品不过关，价格昂贵且维护成本高。随着集约化、工厂化养殖模式的推广，目前水产养殖业迫切需要高精度、高稳定性和可靠性、低成本、适合水产养殖模式水质监测设备和远程无线水质自动监测系统。

Water quality monitoring is the key link to ensure healthy aquaculture. It is intended for monitoring the water quality parameters including aquatic water temperature, DO, PH, depth, conductivity (salinity), turbidity, chlorophyll, ammonia nitrogen and so on, which have an important influence on the growth of aquatic products, taking water quality regulation as needed and providing the best growing environment for the aquatic products. Until now, most of the aquaculture industries are basically still using the monitoring ways of manual sampling and chemical analysis, which is time-consuming and laboursome, lack of accuracy, bad in immediacy and also require for professionals to operate it. Some companies are equipped with portable water quality monitor or online

monitor, but due to unqualified techniques and products, it’s expensive and costs too much to maintain. With the promotion of intensive and factory aquaculture model, the aquaculture industry cries for water quality monitoring equipment and long-distance and wireless water quality automatic monitoring system, which are high in accuracy, stability and reliability, low in cost, and suitable for aquaculture system.

系统架构拓扑图

The topological graph of system architecture

远程无线水质自动监测系统主要由智能水质传感器、数据采集器（无线传感网）、网关/控制器、软件系统、视频监控和监控中心组成。

The long-distance and wireless water quality automatic monitoring system is composed primarily of intelligent water quality sensor, data acquisition unit (wireless sensor network), gateway/controller, software system, video surveillance and surveillance center.

系统结构拓扑图见右图所示

The topological graph of system architecture is shown in the picture on the right

方案实施概述

The overview of program implementation

引入先进的智能物联网概念,促进水产养殖信息化发展

Bring in advanced internet of Things concept to promote the information development of aquaculture 监测指标 Monitoring index

注：方案标准部分参考中国水产养殖水质标准，可根据不同的国家、行业、地方等标准做更改

Note: The program standard part is referring to Chinese aquaculture water quality standard, and it’s subject to the standards of different nations, industries and areas.

监测指标 Monitoring Index 溶解氧（DO）

DO

说明 Explanation

氧是水产生物的生命元素。长期缺氧，水产动物生长减慢；严重缺氧，鱼虾会浮头，而且水产H2S、NH3、NO2等得不到氧化分解，毒性增大。保持足够溶氧可分解转化有毒物质。

水中溶解氧最低应保持在3mg/L,一般应保持在5-8mg/L之间。

溶氧过高会导致鱼类患气泡病。

O2 is the biological element to aquatic organisms. In long-term hypoxia environment, the aquatic organisms will grow slower. In severe hypoxia environment, the fish and shrimps will be floating head, and H2S、NH3、NO2 will turn more toxic without oxidative decomposition. Keeping enough DO could be useful for decomposition and transformation of toxic substances. DO in the water should reach a minimum of 3mg/L and be kept 5-8mg/L. Too much DO will lead to gas disease of fishes.

PH值 PH

重要PH数据：对虾育苗：8.5；河蟹育苗：8.0-8.5；淡水养殖：6.5-9.0；海水养殖：7.5-8.5；

PH值超过8.5，水中氨的毒性增大，硫化氢毒性减小。PH值超过9.5大多数水产动物不能存活。

PH值低于6，水产的氨无毒性，但硫化氢毒性增大。鱼虾在PH低于6.5时易缺氧浮头。PH值低于5时，对水产动物有严重危险。

Important PH data: Prawn seedlings: 8.5; River crab seedlings: 8.0-8.5; Freshwater aquaculture: 6.5-9.0; Sea aquaculture: 7.5-8.5; If PH is higher than 8.5, the toxicity of ammonia will be increased, and hydrothion will be decreased. If PH is higher than 9.5, most of the aquatic animals can not live anymore. If PH is lower than 6, the aquatic ammonia will be nontoxic, but the toxicity of hydrothion will be increased. The fish and shrimps are susceptible to hypoxia to be floating head. If PH is lower than 5, it will be severely dangerous to the aquatic animals.

氨氮（NH3）

NH3

非离子氨（NH3）是水产动物的头号隐形杀手。 养殖生产中应将氨氮的浓度控制在0.015ppm以下，高于0.02ppm会引进死亡。

河蟹、对虾育苗水质应控制在0.01ppm以下，超过0.01ppm将引起死亡。

PH影响氨的毒性，PH低于7时氨几乎无毒，高于8.5时毒性剧增。

NH3 is the NO.1 hidden killer to the aquatic animals. In the course of production of farming, the concentration of NH3 should be controlled lower than 0.015ppm. If higher than 0.02ppm, it will cause death. For seedling water of river crab and prawn, it should be controlled lower than 0.01ppm, or will cause death. PH is influential to the toxicity of ammonia. If PH is lower than 7, the ammonia is nearly nontoxic. If PH is higher than 8.5, the toxicity of ammonia will be rapidly increased.

亚硝酸盐（NO2-）

NO2

亚硝酸盐是水产动物致病的根源。养殖水质中的亚硝酸盐氮应控制在0.2pp以下，在0.5ppm时会引起死亡或患病。高于0.8ppm会引起大批死亡。

河蟹,对虾育苗水质的亚硝酸盐氮应控制在0.1ppm以

下.0.3ppm时轻度死亡,超过0.5ppm将引起大量死亡 NO2 is the root of the aquatic animals’ diseases. The nitrite nitrogen in the farming water should be controlled under 0.2ppm. If goes up to 0.5ppm, it will cause death or disease. If higher than 0.8ppm, it will cause catastrophic death. For seedling water of river crab and prawn, it should be controlled lower than 0.1ppm. If goes up to 0.3ppm, it will cause mild death. If higher than 0.5ppm, it will cause massive death.

余氯（Cl）

养殖池塘中的全余氯主要来自所使用的含氯消毒剂。余氯对鱼虾、藻相、菌相平衡均有严惩的影响。因此不要滥用消毒剂。

养殖水质中余氯应保持在0.02ppm以下。高于0.02ppmr的余氯可对鱼虾粘膜产生强烈的腐蚀作用：超过0.1ppm会使鱼虾致死。

The Cl in the aquaculture pond is mostly coming from chlorine-containing disinfectant. Cl has severely bad influence to the balance between fish and shrimps, algal facies and bacteria phase. So the disinfectant should not be used indiscriminately. The Cl in the farming water should be controlled lower than 0.02ppm. If higher than 0.02ppm, it will have strong corrosion effect on the mucosa of fish and shrimps. If higher than 0.1ppm, it will cause death.

硫化氢（H2S）

养殖水质应控制在0.1ppm以下，0.5ppm时会引起死亡或患病。高于0.8ppm会引起大批死亡。

河蟹、对虾育苗水质应控制在0.05ppm以下，0.3ppm时轻度死亡：超过0.5ppm将引起大量死亡。

The H2S in the farming water should be controlled lower than 0.1ppm. If goes up to 0.5ppm, it will cause death or disease. If higher than 0.8ppm, it will cause massive death. For seedling water of river crab and prawn, it should be

controlled lower than 0.05ppm. If goes up to 0.3ppm, it will cause mild death. If higher than 0.5ppm, it will cause massive death.

溶解有机物（ORP） 溶解有机气体压力高会导致鱼类患致命的气泡病，即所

谓栓塞。

The high dissolved organic air pressure will cause gas disease of fishes, which is the so called embolism.

温度 Temperature

水温也是渔业水质的控制指标。氯素等会引起水温变化 The water temperature is also a controlling index for fishery water. Factors like Chlorine will lead to changes in water temperature.

 6路带隔离的RS-232接口，波特率范围：1200-115200，支持Modbus协议，

已内置多种仪表协议

6 isolated RS-232 interface, Baud rate range: 1200-115200, supportive for Modbus protocol, built-in a variety of instrument protocol

 1路带隔离的RS-485接口，波特率范围：1200-115200，支持Modbus协议，

已内置多种仪表协议

1 isolated RS-485 interface, baud rate range: 1200-115200, supportive for Modbus protocol, built-in a variety of instrument protocol

 8路模拟量输入通道，16位分辨率，支持4-20mA电流信号，0-5V电压信号，

可配置为输入4路4-20mA差分电流信号，或者4路0-5V差分电压信号 8 analog input channels, 16 bit resolution, supportive for 4-20mA current signal,

0-5V voltage signal, can be configured to input 4 4-20mA differential current signal, or 4 0-5V differential current signal

 8路带隔离的开关量输入通道，输入电压范围：0-5VDC，可接受最高30VDC

的电压输入

8 isolated digital input channel, input voltage range: 0-5VDC, 30VDC is

acceptable as the highest input voltage

 2路继电器输出，负载能力为24VDC/1A

2 relay output, load power is 24VDA/1A

 内置以太网接口

Built-in Ethernet interface

 内置GPRS通信模块（可选配CDMA）

Built-in GPRS communication module (Optional CDMA)

 320 X 240点阵的LCD，配16个触摸按键的薄膜键盘

320 X 240 dot matrix LCD, equipped with membrane keyboard with 16 touch keys

 内置存储器可以保存一年的历史数据，掉电不丢失

The internal memory can save historical data for one year, without losing when lost power.

 内置可充电锂电池，保证断电情况下最少正常运行6小时

The internal rechargeable lithium battery can run normally for at least 6 hours under the situation of interruption of power supply

 选用工业级的部件，高可靠性、高稳定性

Select the industry-grade components, which is high in reliability and stability

 设备代码（固件）可以远程升级

The device code (firmware) can be remote upgraded

 支持断电续传，支持多个中心

Supportive for continue transferring from breakpoint and multiple center 仪器设备

Instrument and equipment

国际知名品牌 International Brand

QH-2000J数据采集仪传输仪

QH-2000J data acquisition and transmission instrument

网关/控制器 Gateway/Controller

网关/控制器由RTU8400 测控终端和电控箱等组成，是实现水质调节（主要是增氧控制）的执行设备，它可以驱动叶轮式、水车式或微孔曝气空压机等多种增氧设备。此外测控终端兼具网关功能，可以根据需要配置成无线数据采集节点及无线控制节点。

Gateway/Controller is composed of RTU8400 controlling terminal and electric control panel. It’s the actuating equipment to achieve water quality adjustment (to control Oxygenation primarily) and it can drive the oxygenation equipments like impeller type, waterwheel type or micro porous aeration air compressor. Furthermore the controlling terminal could also be used as gateway. It can be configured into wireless data collection node or wireless controlling node as needed. 视频监控 Video monitoring

根据用户需求和现场条件，可以安装有线视频系统或无线视频系统，对养殖场环境进行实时监控。应用无线视频系统，用户使用手机或PC 远程登录到G3视频监控终端，可以收看摄像机相应区域的实时视频画面。

According to the users’ requirements and site condition, we can install cable or wireless video system to implement real-time monitoring of farm environment. Through wireless video system, users can use cell phone or PC to log on G3 video monitoring terminal in distance and watch the real-time video pictures of the camera corresponding area.

监控中心 Monitoring center

根据企业管理需求，建立监控中心。监控中心由服务器、多业务综合光端机、大屏幕显示系统、UPS及配套网络设备组成，是整个系统的核心

According to the management requirement of enterprises, we can set up monitoring center. It is composed of server, multi-service integrated optional transceiver, large screen display system, UPS and matched network equipment. It is the core of the whole system.

现场、管理、集团内部预警管理系统

Scene, management, inside forewarning management system

联控系统 Joint control system

信息展示系统

Information display system

B/S架构，构建智能应急处理平台

信息发布 Information publish 网站 Website 数据共享 Data sharing 应急预警Emergency warning 信息管理 Information management 数据分析 Data analysis 决策辅助 Decision aid

B/S framework, build intelligent emergency response platform