ROLE OF URBAN RAIL TRANSIT IN URBAN TFAFFIC SYSTEM AND ITS INEVITABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT
XU Xiaofan1, SHEN Liping2, LI Hong3 and GAO Shilian4
1Department of Transportation, Emei Campus of Southwest Jiaotong University, Emei 614200,China,PH(8608335198352,email: cdzy13@126.com
2Department of Transportation, Emei Campus of Southwest Jiaotong University, Emei 614200,China,PH(8608335198454,email: xsh200651@126.com
3Sichuan food cadre schools, Chengdu 610091, China, PH (86028-66387061, Mobile (8613608073597, email:bobi88@163.com
4Collage of Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031,China, PH(8602887603901,email: pussycat@163.com
Abstract: This paper illustrates the urban rail transit system’s roles in the city from four aspects: First, to promote the structure rationalization of urban traffic system; second, to support the intensive urban land use; third, to guide the city to change the usage of land patterns during outward expansion; fourth, to clean up the environment, save energy, construct \"green transportation.\" On this basis, revealing the necessity of the rapid development of China's urban rail transit: acceleration of urbanization, the rapid expansion of urban areas; intensification of
urban land use, the high concentration of attracting amount; acceleration of the process of urban transport motorized, lack of road resources, all need the great development of rapid rail transit system. Urban rail transit will be the key infrastructure investment during\" Twelfth Five-Year Plan\golden decade of urban rail transit construction.
Key words:urban rail transit, green transport, role, development
1 Introduction
With the acceleration of the pace of urbanization and urban transport motorization in China, inevitably, there will be some structural contradictions in the process of development by leaps and bounds, so it makes serious \"traffic jams\" in big cities. One of the important measures to solve the traffic congestion is to accelerate the construction of urban rail transit. Because of the urban transport system is particularly strong in synthesized aspects, only relying on the construction of urban rail transit can not fundamentally solve the problem of “traffic congestion\but policymakers would be misleading produced films of urban rail transport absurd awareness, and even lead to wrong decisions. Therefore, the need for urban transport \"role\" has an objective and correct understanding.
2 Promote the structure Rationalization of Urban Traffic System
The acceleration of urbanization process, so that continued outward expansion
of urban space area, the increased proportion of medium-long distance travel,
medium-long travel time in the \"unacceptable\" people have increased (see Table
1.This from is a illustration of an objective need for additional mass rapid rail transit
system, shown in Figure 1.
Table 1. Will survey on travel time travelers
Travel purpose Ideal (min Acceptable.. (min Tolerable
(min
45 30
60
25 35
90
Figure 1. Structure of promoting the rationalization of urban transport system
2.1 Structure and modal travel
(1Travel Structure.
Travel structure means: the purpose of travel distribution, distance distribution,
time distribution and spatial distribution.
(2Traffic structure.
Traffic structure is: residents travel by walking, cycling, bus, car and other main
mode of transport, the proportion of transportation volume in each share of total
travel volume travel.
By optimizing the system configuration, making the transport means (tools and
the trip matches the structure completely, achieving a reasonable transport structure.
At this time, people on different trip purposes and from different trip distance in the
various periods, can meet the wishes of their chosen mode of transportation a greater
degree ,that is to say, each region of people will have the appropriate means of
transport, trying to reduce the \"intolerable,\" the crowd, which sacrifices a lot
of individuals.
2.2 The main problems of the current structure of urban passenger transport The problems in current structure of urban passenger transport are mainly in the following three aspects:
(1Traveling by car grew too fast.
The popularization of the car is ahead of consumption and excessive consumption, leading a result that not only a serious shortage of road capacity, but causing tremendous pressure to road traffic; air pollution and the greenhouse effect has serious consequences.
(2 Conventional Public attraction is not strong.
Highlight the traditional problem of public transportation, especially at rush hour, people crowded, traffic jams, delays become routine.
(3Bicycle shift to electric cars was evident.
The electric bike is much faster than that of vehicles, nor the appropriate personal protection, safety accidents involving electric vehicles occur frequently. Bike was originally a \"green transportation\" mode, but there should be some use of its space. We hope that bike trip transfer to the bus in the long distance, there
is now a \"bike to electric vehicles, electric vehicles to the car,\" the transfer trend, but arouse people's awareness.
2.3 Measures to rationalize the structure of urban passenger transport system \"When a man the image of the car such as water, to avoid high water trend, the cart to avoid real and imaginary.\"
Traffic as flood control, first, to divert (boot, followed by the intercept (restricted. Because of excessive use of the \"limit\" and not catching up with the \"people first\" principle, the situation has been getting bad to worse in traffic scenarios, which had a two-pronged: giving priority to developing public transport; strengthen demand management.
(1 Bus priority.
Car travel and bicycle travel should be pulled (attracted to the public transportation system.
Before solving the problems of conventional public transport, it is necessary for a new bus system: urban rail transit intervention to get involved to promote its qualitative, structural reorganization, in order to achieve leapfrog development. The advantages of urban rail transit: safe, comfortable, fast and on time - very important for urban life in general travel speed 35km/h, without the pain of
traffic jams, or even 1 times faster than the bus several times.
At the same time the development of integrated public transport system - conventional public transport (including community bus, urban rail transit, BRT integration, the formation of regular bus rapid transit( BRT plus bus, and plus rail transit new model is basically to improve bus travel rates, to reduce pressure on road
transport, ease urban traffic congestion is of great significance.
Priority to the development of public transport, public transport should be introduced a series of policy priorities, the key point in the \"public finance transfer payment’’ to support the public transportation system healthy and stable development (2Strengthen the management of demand.
Pull the car travel into the transportation system.
Private ownership of means of transport, traffic will of personality, social behavior and traffic there was a contradiction, which requires \"demand management\" in order to achieve social equity.
Car usage must be regulated to the \"way outhe urban rail transportation.
Compared with passenger cars for personal use, urban rail transit and its advantages are fast, economical, safe, non-parking problems and high quality, So we should attract those who have cars and suggest them give up the self-driving trip to regions which are in traffic jams and switch to mass transit. It is obvious that it is very difficult to do this, but we should try our best to do it.
Only the fewer people driving, the less pressure will be on the road.
Demand management requires a series of policies and perseverance to work unless the haste makes waste.
Facts have proved that China's large cities can not leave the rail transport improvement, but rail traffic alone can not improve the city's transportation structure. 3 Supporting the Intensification of Urban Land Use
3.1 The inevitability of intensive development of urban land
(1To make full use of land (non-renewable resource: land for intensive development needs.
(2To maximize the economic activity of the cluster effect: must be land intensive development.
3.2 Intensive land transport system must have the support of large capacity
Because of the intensive land development, travel occurred and the highly concentrated of attracted volume, some areas of CBD 1km2 to travel at the amount of the road can not afford to rely on such a large load; business, finance, gold port, in order to aggregate effects, and can not avoid high density. Most configure the large capacity of the rail transportation system.
Passenger station, bus terminal, and a point attracting tens of thousands volume all day; hundreds of thousands, traffic flow, car current organization is difficult. Airport throughput of more than 30 million passengers a year, the road is very tight upper and lower class, there may need to track cross-pass; but the need for full argument, to prevent repeating the mistakes of some of the city airport lines. Mix of world-wide airport lines are successfully precedent, the success of the dedicated airport line is rare.
3.3 The status of urban rail transport strategy to reposition
Since the 90s of the 20th century, China's large urban public transport development strategy is to make the rail transportation as the backbone and the main parts are buses.
With the intensive development of land, rail transport may be set as the main body in the city center areas (core area, for adapting the high density travel needs. 4 To Guide the City to Change Land Use in the Form of Outward Expansion
4.1 The rapid expansion of built-up area
In the 90s of the 20th century, mega-cities in China built up areas about 200-300 km 2 in general, the current planning area has been developed to 2000-3000 km2, a full expansion of the 10 times or more, 50km around the long axis and short axis has 20km.
Travel by people's willingness to work full-trip travel time acceptable to most of 45min or so. Urban road public operating speed of delivery is generally 14-16km / h, if the bus ends and in 15min walking time calculation, then a considerable part. When passengers travel on the work of consumption can not accept, so we need rapid rail transit system to improve the quality of bus travel. Urban rail transit is an important means of urban planning-oriented: the conditions on the development of the area can have a first cross-city rail through amendments in, in order to promote its envelopment, which is TOD mode: rail transit oriented development with (TOD mode: the development of a region can play a huge role in promoting traffic, but traffic is not the only condition for the development, TOD should also have the expected demand:
(1 High-density development around the station can be easy to attract developers to invest.
(2 New travel time to reduce consumption, equal to the shorter distance, is
conducive to population relocation and industrial configurations.
4.2 Single-center group of block-style development to the multi-center
This is the regular pattern of development of mega-cities, which between the multi-center groups will have a large number of major transport corridors. Therefore, in the amount of long distance travel, we need to have a large corresponding capacity rapid rail transit system to adapt the situation.
5 Cleaning up Environment, Energy Conservation, Construction of \"Green Transportation\"
As urban rail transit is using the electric traction, it has a competitive edge in environmental protection (noise, emissions, dust; as the same when energy-saving features, traffic per unit of energy consumption, urban rail transport is as 3/5 as the bus do, and only as 1/6 as that of private cars, which called a green transport, has keep up with today's global low carbon economy and the trend of low-carbon city.
ICTE 2011 © ASCE 2011 1076 6 Conclusion 30 years after reforming and opening up, we have deeply acknowledged the importance of sustainable development, and the demand for energy transportation is increasing gradually. In the development of the urban transport in the future, the green traffic will
become the mainstream of development, it will also change China's urban transport pattern. Urban rail transit in the urban transport system in addition to have the above aspects of function outside, still have the function to increase GDP, improve the urban quality and shape the Metro culture to improve the quality of the public and so on. The rapid development of urban rail transit will become inevitable. It will become the key investment field in China's \"Twelfth Five-Year Plan\" period. China will welcome the golden decade of urban rail transit construction. References TAN Fuxing（2009）”Introduction to Urban Mass Transit System” China Water Power Press . Downloaded 15 Mar 2012 to 119.5.191.218. Redistribution subject to ASCE license or copyright. Visit http://www.ascelibrary.org
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