英语二精讲速查

来源：我们爱旅游

英语（二）精讲速查

第一章

一、思维导图

二、知识点

第一节单词

【知识点 1】单词识记☆☆☆ 1. muscle

['mʌs(ə)l]

n. 肌肉

It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscles.(2014.4 阅读判断) 它强壮你的心肺和肌肉。 2. college

['kɒlɪdʒ]

n. 大学

Living in a dormitory at college can be a great experience.(2013.10 概括段落大意和补全句子)

住在大学宿舍会是一次很棒的经历。 3. even

['iːv(ə)n]

adv. 甚至

We even use muscle when we open and close our eye.(2014.4 概括段落大意和补全句子)

我们甚至在睁开眼睛和闭上眼睛的时候都在使用肌肉。

4. marriage ['mærɪdʒ] n. 婚姻

Our parents arranged our marriage through a matchmaker.(2013.4 阅读理解) 我们的父母通过媒人来安排我们的婚姻。 5. grow

[grəʊ]

vi. 发展，成长

vt. 种植

It is only because of problem that we grow mentally and spiritually. (2014.4 填词补文)

就是因为有这些困难，我们才从心理上和精神上得到成长。 We plow fields to grow crops.(2013.10 填词补文) 我们开垦土地去种植农作物。 6. plant

[plɑːnt]

n. 植物

vt. 种植

Then the seeds grow into new plants.(2014.10 填句补文) 然后这些种子生长为新的植物。

If you planted roses in your yard, there would be more roses in your area.(2013.10 填词补文)

如果你在院子里种植玫瑰，那里就会有更多的玫瑰。 7. violence

['vaɪəl(ə)ns]

n. 暴力

But the study also showed that violence occurs among wealthy families as well. (2011.4 阅读理解)

但研究还表明，暴力也发生在富裕家庭中。 8. wine

[waɪn]

n. 葡萄酒

Beer comes from grains and wine comes from grapes.(2014.10 填句补文) 啤酒由谷物酿制，葡萄酒由葡萄酿制。 9. around

[ə'raʊnd]

adv. 在附近

prep. 四处

Ask the supervisor who hired you to introduce you around a bit.(2015.4 阅读选择) 请雇佣你的主管向周围人介绍一下你。

He sent his son around the world to study bridges.(2015.4 概括段落大意和补全句子) 他送他的儿子到世界各地学习桥梁。 10. experience [ɪk'spɪərɪəns]

n. 经历

vt. 经历

Living in a dormitory at college can be a great experience.(2013.10 概括段落大意和

补全句子)

住在大学宿舍会是个很好的经历。

Six out of one hundred couples experience severe domestic violence.(2011.4 阅读理解)

6%的夫妻经历严重的家庭暴力。 11. weight

[weɪt]

n. 重量

No kid ever lost weight because his mother told him he was fat.(2014.10 阅读选择) 没有孩子曾经因为母亲说他胖就减肥的。

第二节语法

【知识点 1】词性☆☆

词性高频考点及物动词+n. 举例 watch TV 动词 v. 不及物动词不能直接加n. 变复数一般在词尾+s/es look at the picture learner—learners 名词 n. 不定冠词+单数形容词修饰名词 a child honest child 形容词 adj. 形容词+ly=副词副词修饰动词介词+doing/n. honest—honestly easily get of going students and teachers 副词 adv. 介词 prep. 连词 conj.

and/or前后词性、单复数、时态等保持一致【知识点 2】基本句型☆☆

英语中共有五大基本句型： I cried. I love you. I give you a kiss.

主 + 谓.

主 + 谓 + 宾.

主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾.

You make me happy. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补. You are my angel.

主 + 系 + 表.

定语 adj. ……的

句子必要成分修饰成分状语 adv. ……地

句子由一个n. + 一个v. 组成【知识点 3】简单句和复合句☆☆

1. 简单句：由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子——只有一套主谓关系。例：I love this beautiful girl.

2. 复合句：将两个或两个以上的简单句组合成一个句子。并列句 and; but; or; so S.+ conj. +S.

I like apples, but I don’t like oranges. 我喜欢苹果，但是我不喜欢橘子。

从句分类

主从句

用一个句子充当一个词

名词性从句定语从句状语从句

I like the apple that you gave me yesterday. 我喜欢你昨天给我的苹果。

第三节题型讲解

【知识点 1】考试题型☆☆☆

类型题型分值总计考点快速阅读阅读判断 10×1' 10' 5

选择题阅读选择 5×2' 10' 深度阅读概括段落大意和补全句子 10×1' 10' 概括段落大意提取关键信息填句补文填词补文 5×2' 10' 文章结构，段落连贯性 15' 单词认知，词性判断 10×1.5' 非选择题合计

完形补文 10×1.5' 15' 单词认知，词性转换短文写作 1×30' 30' 100 词左右 100' 【知识点 2】阅读判断☆☆ 1. 题型介绍

（1）题目要求：在读懂一篇 350 字左右短文的基础上，对给出 10 个句子所表达

的信息做出判断。

（2）作答方式：

正确的选 A（True）错误的选 B（False）

文中没有提到的选 C（Not Given） 2. 解题步骤

Step 1：读题干

Step 2：找关键词回文定位

①确定题干中的关键词 ②回文定位 Step 3：比较

将关键词所在的句子与题目对比，根据 True，False 和 Not Given特点进行判断。

首要关键词：①专有名词：人名；地点；节日等数字 ②数字次要关键词：名词；形容词、副词（注意否定或肯定）；动词 3. 答案判断

（1）答案为True的情况：题目与原文内容相符；题目是原文的同义改写

例题 1：

【题目】It's advisable to have different lists of songs. 【译文】建议你搞个不同的歌曲列表。

【原文】I strongly recommend dividing your play list into different small lists. 【译文】我强烈建议你把播放列表分成不同的小列表。（2015. 4 阅读判断第 6 题）

（2）答案为False的情况：根据原文可以绝对推出题目错误

➢ 题目与原文意义不同，或直接相反（反义词，not+同义词，反义结构）例题 2：（a and b alike neither a nor b either a or b）【题目】The doctor wanted to go to the railway station by taxi. 【译文】那个医生想乘坐出租车到火车站。

【原文】The man reached the taxi and jumped in. “The Airport, please,” he said. 【译文】那个男人走到出租车那，跳进车里。“到飞机场”，他说。（2014.10 阅读判断第 2 题）

➢ 题目与原文所描述的范围不同，如many, sometimes, usually, mostly, all, only等例题 3：

【题目】One can benefit from all kinds of music. 【译文】一个人可以从所有的音乐中受益。

【原文】All the benefits of music can only be got if the listener enjoys the music he is listening to.

【译文】听音乐的人只有享受听到的音乐才会从中受益。（2015.4 阅读判断第 2 题） ➢ 混淆理论和事实

强调人们对某事物的一种“理论”或“感觉”时，常有 feel, consider 及theory 等词。

强调一种“事实”或“已被证明”时，常有 fact 及 prove 等词。例题 4：原文强调理论，题目强调事实

【题目】The first vertical farms appeared 5 years ago. 【译文】第一个垂直农场出现在 5 年前。

【原文】Most experts suggest it may take about 5 to 15 years before the first vertical farms could be created.

【译文】很多科学家认为在第一个垂直农场出现之前还需要 5 到 15 年时间。（2013.10 阅读判断第 10 题）例题 5：原文强调事实，题目强调理论

【题目】It is still a dream for people to grow crops indoors. 【译文】室内种植农作物仍旧是梦想。

【原文】It may be difficult to believe but in fact the technology for growing crops indoors already exists.

【译文】这可能很难令人相信，但室内种植农作物的技术已经存在。（2013.10 阅读判断第 2 题）

（3）答案为Not Given的情况：根据原文推不出题目

➢ 题目中涉及的范围小于或不同于原文涉及的范围例题 6：

【题目】A long-distance run is good in many ways. 【译文】长跑有很多好处。

【原文】Running is good for you both physically and mentally. 【译文】跑步对身体和心理都有益。（2014. 4 阅读判断第 5 题） ➢ 主观臆断例题 7：

【题目】It is hard to find a safe environment for running. 【译文】一个安全的跑步场地不好找。

【原文】All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. 【译文】你全部需要的就是一双好跑鞋和一个安全的场地。（2014. 4 阅读判断第 3 题） 4. 真题例析

【2015 年 10 月真题——阅读判断】

Black Friday

Everyone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, 1. but few people know the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday, most do not know its origin. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving (感恩节). 2. On this day most retail stores open their doors very early—some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday. 1. origin n. 起源 2. retail n. 零售 3. in addition 4. discount 【参考译文】

每个人都喜欢为节日购买礼物，但很少人知道节日购物的历史。虽然人们听说过黑色星期五，但大多数人不知道它的起源。黑色星期五是在感恩节之后的那天。在这天，很多零售商店会很早地开门营业，有些甚至早到早上 4 点。此外，他们为顾客提供很大的商品折扣。知道了这些，就很清楚为什么那么多人会在黑色星期五购买这么多圣诞礼物了。

Black Friday is not as old as many people think. In fact, it is believed that 4. the first Black Friday was held in the 1970s in the USA. It was a day when stores decided to 5. mark the start of the holiday season. In order to draw more customers, they offered great discounts. All products sold very well. This large success resulted in the name Black Friday. 6. It was so named because the stores were “in the black”. This financial term means the stores made a lot of money. 7. However, it was not until around 2002 that Black Friday really started to gain in popularity. Today in the USA, 另外 n. 折扣

countless advertisers proudly announce their Black Friday sales. They hope to attract shoppers into their stores. 1. mark 2. draw 3. result in 4. financial

v. 纪念 v. 吸引导致 adj. 金融的

5. popularityn. 流行 6. countless

adj. 数不尽的

总结：名词词缀-ity，副词词缀-ly，后缀-less表示“无” 7. advertiser 8. announce

n. 广告客户 v. 宣布

9. It is believed that… 人们认为……

It is said that… 据(人们)说…… 10. 被动语态: be 动词+动词过去分词

11. not until的强调句型: It is/was not until … that … 【参考译文】

黑色星期五并没有许多人认为的那么历史悠久。事实上，人们认为第一个黑色星期五是在美国的 20 世纪 70 年代举行。那是商店决定纪念节日季开始的一天。为了吸引顾客，他们提供很大的折扣。所有的商品都卖的很好。这次巨大的成功就引来了黑色星期五这个名字。之所以这么命名，是因为商店都“赚到了钱”。这个金融术语的意思就是商店赚了很多钱。但是直到大约 2002 年，黑色星期五才真正开始流行。如今在美国数不清的广告客户自豪地宣布他们黑色星期五的销售额。他们希望吸引购物者来他们的店里消费。

It is reported that… 据(报纸)报道……

Black Friday is a day when many shoppers in the USA go out and buy gifts, even though Christmas Eve is still a more popular day to shop. 9. Thanks to the Internet, it is now possible to get some excellent Black Friday deals online. So if you don't want to get to the stores by 4 am, this is the perfect way to still get items at reduced prices.

1. even though 虽然，尽管 2. excellent 3. deal

adj. 极好的 n. 交易

4. at reduced prices 折扣价

5. It is possible to do sth. 做某事是有可能的

句型扩展: It is +easy / difficult / impossible / necessary / interesting + to do sth. 做某事是很容易的/很难的/不可能的/有必要的/有趣的【参考译文】

黑色星期五指很多美国的购物者在这天外出购买礼物，即使圣诞前夕仍然是个更流行购物的节日。得益于网络，现在黑色星期五的取得极好的在线交易也成为可能。因此，如果你不想在早上 4 点以前到达商店，这仍然是一个能以折扣价获得商品的好办法。

1. Many people know the history of Black Friday. A. True

B. False C. Not Given

2. Most stores open their doors for business very early on Black Friday. A. True B. False

C. Not Given

3. Customers get better service on Black Friday. A. True

B. False

C. Not Given 4. Black Friday started in the USA. A. True B. False

C. Not Given

5. The holiday season ends on Black Friday. A. True

B. False C. Not Given

6. \"In the black\" is a financial term. A. True B. False

C. Not Given

7. Black Friday is no longer popular. A. True

B. False C. Not Given

8. People like to shop online on Christmas Eve. A. True

B. False

C. Not Given 9. It is possible to get Black Friday discount online.

A. True B. False C. Not Given

10. Things are sold at their lowest prices at 4 am. A. True

B. False

C. Not Given 12

一、思维导图

第二章

二、知识点

第一节单词

【知识点 1】单词识记☆☆☆ 1. living

['lɪvɪŋ]

adj. 活的 n. 生计 v. 居住（live的ing形式）

In plants and other living things that have no brain, it must be something else.(2014.4 填句补文)

在植物和其他没有大脑的生物中，那（生物钟）肯定是（被）其他事物（所控制）。 I make a living and meet interesting people sometimes. (2014.10 阅读判断) 这是我谋生的方式，有时候会见到有趣的人。

After living in Europe for seven years, my parents decided that my family would move to the United States. (2013.10 阅读选择)

在欧洲住了 7 年之后，我的父母决定要搬家到美国。 2. seed

[siːd]

n. 种子

You've eaten oranges and grapes without seeds.(2014.10 填句补文) 你已经吃过了无籽的橘子和葡萄。 3. speaker

['spiːkə]

n. 演讲者

When a speaker shares his personal stories he will be better accepted by the audience.

(2012.10 阅读理解)

当一个演讲者分享他自己的故事时，他就会更容易被观众接受。 4. adult

['ædʌlt]

n. 成年人

During the 1970s, large numbers of women and young adults born during the baby boom entered into the work force. (2014.10 完形补文)

在 20 世纪 70 年代，大量出生在婴儿潮时期的妇女和年轻人进入了劳动力市场。 5. biological

[ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl] adj. 生物的

Scientists use the term biological clock to describe the timing that controls biological rhythms. (2014.4 填句补文)

科学家们使用术语生物钟来描述时间如何控制生物的节律。 6. care

[keə]

n. 照料

v. 照顾

They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. (2014.4 阅读判断)

他们还教跑步者设定具体的目标，照顾好自己的身体。 7. dormitory [ˈdɔːmətri]

n. 宿舍

When you live in a dormitory, you can enjoy a wide range of campus services, which are not available to those who live off campus. (2013.10 概括段落大意和补全句子) 当你住在宿舍时，你可以享受到各种各样的校园服务，而这些服务是那些住在校外的学生所不能享受的。 8. farming

['fɑːmɪŋ]

n. 农业

Experts say indoor farming solves many problems.(2013.10 阅读判断) 专家说室内农业解决了很多问题。 9. humor

['hju:mə]

n. 幽默，诙谐

There are a couple of things to know about the use of humor in a speech. (2012.10 阅读理解)

关于在演讲中使用幽默，有几件事需要知道。 10. mean

[miːn]

vt. 意味着；意思是

This means you need to make peace with the things and people around you. (2013.10 概括段落大意和补全句子)

这意味着你需要和你周围的人和事和平共处。 11. mood

[muːd]

n. 情绪

The first song will lift your mood a little.(2015.4 阅读判断) 第一首歌会让你情绪好一些。

第二节语法

【知识点 1】定语从句☆☆☆

定语从句是指从句做定语成分修饰前面的名词，标志词有that, who, which, when, where等，位于名词后面。

例：I have never seen anyone that could dance like that.

Those are the students who saved the cat. The house which was built 20 years ago is now a city library. Have you been to the park where they had party? I will always remember the day when I met you. 引导定语从句的关系词可分为关系代词(n.)和关系副词(adv.)。关系代词有： who/whom/whose/which/that；关系副词有：when/where/why/prep.+which/whom。关系代词在从句中充当宾语时可以省略，例：The man (whom) I talked to saw the accident.

在定语从句中看到名词后面的逗号时，只能用which。

第三节题型讲解

【知识点 1】考情分析☆☆☆

年份十套真题题型分类主旨题细节题推断题词义猜测题分值 4 62 26 8 频次频次比例 2 31 13 4 4% 62% 26% 8% 阅读选择 15

2013.04 至总计 2017.10 四类 100 50 100%

【知识点 2】阅读选择☆☆☆ 1. 细节题(According to /直接考文章内容)

推断题(可能性的词：Probably/直接考文章内容) 词义猜测题： Step 1: 阅读题目

Step 2: 寻找关键词回归定位，找出题目在原文中的出处

（1）准确确定题干中的关键词：什么时候谁在哪干嘛（时间、地点、人名、数字、

专有名词、短语、形容词副词比较级）

（2）带着关键词回归文章定位（3）重点阅读出现关键词处的部分（4）按照顺序阅读，不要上下捋

Step 3: 原文重现；同义替换 2. 主旨题

Step 1: 看首段，找关键词

Step 2: 如果首段看不出来，看尾段，找关键词提问方式：This text is mainly about the......

The best title for this text is......

Tips:

主旨大意题需要注意的高频词汇： definition 定义 importance 重要性 origin 起源

types 种类

一、思维导图

第三章

二、知识点

第一节单词

【知识点 1】单词识记☆☆☆ 1. mental

['ment(ə)l]

adj. 脑力的；精神的

Mental Activities Help Save Memory. (2014.10 填词补文) 智力活动帮助保存记忆。 2. mind

[maɪnd]

n. 精神

Running is good to people's body and mind. (2014.4 阅读判断) 跑步对人的身心有好处。 3. mobile

[ˈməʊbaɪl]

adj. 易变的；非固定的；流动性的

As manufacturing technologies have become more mobile, production jobs have moved from the U.S. to countries where wages are low. (2014.10 完形补文)

随着制造技术的流动性增强，生产工作已经从美国转移到工资较低的国家。

There is something wrong with my mobile phone.(2013.4 词汇与语法结构) 我的手机（移动电话）出了点问题。 4. personal

[ˈpɜ:sənl]

adj. 个人的

Never give out personal information including your name, age, where you live, and the name of the school you attend. (2015.4 完形补文)

千万不要把你的个人信息，包括姓名、年龄、住址和你学校的名字告诉别人。 5. probably ['prɒbəblɪ]

adv. 很可能

In some animals it is probably controlled by the brain. (2014.4 填句补文) 在某些动物中，它（生物钟）可能是被大脑所控制。 6. show

[ʃəʊ]

vt. 显示，展示 show off 炫耀

When we moved to California, I did not show off as I had done for five years. (2013.10 阅读选择)

当我们搬到加利福尼亚时，我并没有像五年来那样炫耀自己。

The programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun.(2014.4 阅读判断)

这些活动向你展示跑步是如何带来竞争或仅是为了消遣。 7. couple

['kʌp(ə)l]

n. 夫妇；数个

Six out of one hundred couples experience severe domestic violence.(2011.4 阅读理解)

6％的夫妻经历严重的家庭暴力。

There are a couple of things to know about the use of humor in a speech. (2012.10 阅读理解)

关于演讲中使用诙谐幽默，以下几个点是你要知道的。 8. enough

[ɪ'nʌf]

adv. 足够地

adj. 充足的

My long-term goal is to someday learn enough so we can control the sleep mechanism without damaging our health. (2012.10 阅读理解)

我的长远目标就是有一天能学到足够的知识，这样我们就能在不损害健康的情况下控制睡眠机制。

These four young girl pooled their money and found that they had more than enough 18

money for the boy's extra purchases. (2014.4 阅读选择)

这四个年轻女孩凑了钱，发现她们有足够的钱来支付男孩额外的超支花费。 9. environment [ɪn'vaɪrənm(ə)nt]

n. 环境

How we live our lives affects the environment.(2013.10 填词补文) 我们如何生活影响着环境。 10. expert

['ekspɜːt]

n. 专家

But experts believe vertical farming is not going to be easy. (2013.10 阅读判断) 但是专家认为垂直农场并非易事。 11. farm

[fɑːm]

n. 农场

But scientists say the farms of the future could be built in tall buildings in some large cities. (2013.10 阅读判断)

但是科学家说未来的农场可能会被建在大城市的高楼里。

第二节语法

【知识点 1】状语从句☆☆☆

状语从句是指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。状语从句中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。

状语从句根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导，也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。 1. 时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句：when（当）/while（当）/as（当，随着）/ as soon as（一……) / until（直到）/ not until（直到…才…）/ since（自从）/ once（一旦）/ the+时就间（在…时）

例句：

When you see him, please send my regard. 当你见到他时，请代我问好。

My mother came in while I was doing my homework. 我正做作业的时候我妈进来了。

As I watched him, he dived into the water. 正当我看着他的时候，他潜进了水里。I will call you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你打电话。

I work very hard until my boss leaves the company. 我非常努力工作，直到我老板离开公司。 2. 地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句：where（在…地方）例句：

I am sitting where I sat last time. 我正坐在上次我坐的地方。 3. 原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句：because / since / as / for（因为…）例句：

I bought this for you because / since / as / for you will need it. 我给你买了这玩意因为你会用得上。 4. 结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句：so…that…（太…以至于）/ such…that…（如此…以至

于）

例句：

This student is so smart that every teacher likes him. 这位学生太聪明了以至于每个老师都喜欢他。 He is such a smart student that every teacher likes him. 他是如此聪明的一位学生，以至于每个老师都喜欢他。 5. 目的状语从句

引导目的状语从句：so that（以便于）/ in order that（以便于）/ in case（以

免）

例句：

I get up early every day so that / in order that I could get on the first bus. 20

我每天早起以便于我能赶上头班车。

I get up early every day in case I couldn’t get on the first bus. 我每天早起以免赶不上头班车。 6. 条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句：if（如果）/ unless（除非）/ as long as（只要）

例句：

If he comes, tell him I want to see him. 如果他来了，告诉他我要见他。 He will join us, unless he is busy. 他会加入我们的，除非他忙。As long as I’m here, you are safe. 只要我在这，你们就是安全的。 7. 让步状语从句

引导让步状语从句：although（虽然）/ though（虽然）/ even if（即使）/ even

though（尽管) / whether（无论）/ while（虽然，既然）/ now that（既然）/ 特殊疑问词词尾加上ever = no matter + 特殊疑问词（无论…）

例句：

Although / though / while he is still a boy, he knows a lot about current events. 虽然他还是个孩子，但他却了解很多时事。 I have to go home, even if it’s raining. 我不得不回家，即使下着雨呢。 I have to go home, even though it’s raining. 我不得不回家，尽管下着雨呢。

第三节题型讲解

【知识点 1】题型介绍☆ 1. 题目要求

阅读长度为 400 字左右的短文，完成两项任务。概括段落大意考查学生宏观

把握文章结构、概括段落大意的能力。补全句子考查学生定位查找关键信息的能力。 2. 作答方式

选择题形式，从备选答案中选出最佳选项；每项任务中都有多余的选项。

【知识点 2】概括段落大意和补全句子☆☆☆ 1. 概括段落大意

（1）解题步骤：

Step1: 浏览题目，找不同 Step2: 泛读段落（首尾句），找相同（一样的词，同义替换或者总结） Step3: 对比选项和段落，联系写作习惯（2）解题技巧：划掉已选择的选项；先易后难：先做容易确定答案的题，再做

答案不确定的。

（3）总结方法：

A of B：A一样B就是重点，B一样A就是重点找Be动词后面的就是重点

必须掌握一些常见词：Definition 定义 2. 补全句子

解题步骤： Step1: 看题

Step2: 选出答案（意思和语法） Step3: 回文定位 Step4: 检查 3. 真题例析

【2016 年 4 月真题——概括段落大意和补全句子】

How to Forgive, Forget and Let Go

① Forgiving someone does not mean releasing them from an earlier guilt. What if the person who wronged you is not living? What if the person is someone who made you extremely embarrassed during school 20 or 30 years ago? Letting go of emotional pain does not mean that nothing happened; it means that you no longer want to be controlled

Importance 重要

by it. 1. forgive 2. release

[fə'gɪv] [rɪ'liːs]

v. 原谅，宽恕 v. 释放，解脱

If someone or something releases you from a duty, task, or feeling, they free you from it. 3. guilt

[gɪlt]

n. 内疚，自责

4. embarrassed [ɪm'bærəst] adj. 尴尬的，难堪的

A person who is embarrassed feels shy, ashamed, or guilty about something. 【参考译文】

宽恕别人并不意味着能够让他们从之前的内疚中解脱出来。如果那个冤枉你的人过世了呢？如果是那个二三十年前在学校里让你极度难堪的人呢？放下心中的痛苦并不意味着当什么事都没发生过，它意味着你不想再被它控制。

② Recognize that forgiveness is not denial. Whatever caused the pain was a real incident. Denying that it happened means it is too painful to work through the emotions. There is no timeline on forgiveness. Some steps take longer to get through, and it is acceptable to set them aside for a period of time. Part of forgiveness is understanding whether or not someone takes responsibility for what happened, and may even show regret. 1. denial

[dɪ'naɪəl]

n. 否定，否认

A denial of something is a statement that it is not true, does not exist, or did not happen. 2. incident 3. deny

['ɪnsɪdənt] n. 事件 [dɪ'naɪ]

v. 否定，否认

When you deny something, you state that it is not true. 4. timeline 5. regret 【参考译文】

要认识到宽恕不是否定。不管是什么造成了伤痛，它都确实发生过。否定它

['taɪmlaɪn] n. 时间表 [rɪ'gret]

n. 遗憾，抱歉

发生过就意味着这件事太痛苦了，以致于你都不能解脱。宽恕没有时间限制。有些坎儿需要更长的时间才能迈过去，把它放在一旁晾一段时间是可以接受的。无论是否有人为发生过的事情承担责任，你都表示理解，甚至感到遗憾，这都属于宽恕。

③ Understand that not everyone who forgives reconciles with the person who caused the pain. There are relationships that are harmful and even physically dangerous. While it is possible to forgive the past and move beyond it, it may also mean that the person who was involved can no longer play an active role in your life. If a person or situation is not safe, it may be best not to reconcile the relationship now. Work on forgiveness at a time when you are emotionally healthy and physically safe. 1. reconcile ['rek(ə)nsaɪl]

v. 和解，和好

If you are reconciled with someone, you become friendly with them again after a quarrel or disagreement. 2. physically 3. involve

['fɪzɪkəllɪ] [ɪn'vɒlv]

adv. 身体地 v. 涉及 adv. 感情上

4. emotionally [ɪ'məʊʃənəli] 【参考译文】

你要理解，不是所有宽恕者都能与那个伤害他的人达成和解。有些人之间的关系仍然不好，甚至造成肢体冲突。虽然可能原谅过去，生活继续向前，但是那个伤害你的人在你的生命中不会再发挥积极作用。如果一个人或者情况是不安全的，最好还是不要试图和解，并在身心安宁的时候努力宽恕。

④ Make a conscious decision to forgive someone. Even if they never apologize for what happened, determine within yourself that it is fine to proceed without this apology. Apologies should not be asking for forgiveness. Apologies should be offered as an effort of true regret. They should be admitting that taking personal responsibility for the situation is important. Even without that apology, make up your mind to forgive, forget and eventually let go.

1. conscious ['kɒnʃəs] adj. 刻意的，有意识的

A conscious decision or action is made or done deliberately with you giving your full attention to it. 2. proceed 3. admit 【参考译文】

有意识地决定宽恕别人。就算他们从来不为发生过的事情道歉，没有这个道歉你一样也可以选择宽恕。道歉不应该是去请求宽恕。道歉是内心真的感到抱歉的一种表达。他们应该承认为此种情况负责是很重要的。即使没有道歉，你也要下定决心去宽恕，忘记，最终放下。 Task 1:

16. Paragraph ① 17. Paragraph ② 18. Paragraph ③ 19. Paragraph ④

[prə'siːd] [əd'mɪt]

v. 继续进行 v. 承认

Task 2:

20. You may forgive someone 21. There is no fixed time

. .

22. Even if you've forgive someone, 23. Don't rush to forgive those 24. Some people apologize merely 25. If you expect an apology,

. .

参考答案：16-20 C B A D D 21-25 B A C G E

一、思维导图

第四章

二、知识点

第一节单词

【知识点 1】单词识记☆☆☆ 1. rhythm

['rɪð(ə)m]

n. （身体、季节等的）规律性变化

Biological rhythms, like the opening and closing of flowers, happen all over nature. (2014.4 填句补文)

生物节律，就像花开花落一样，在大自然中无处不在。 2. safe

[seɪf]

adj. 安全的

All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. (2014.4 阅读判断)

你所需要的就是一双好运动鞋和一个安全的环境。 3. sense

[sens]

n. 感觉；观念

vt. 检测，感觉到

Sue expressed a sense of regret. (2015.4 阅读选择) 苏觉得有些遗憾（的感觉）。

We didn’t marry for love in the Western sense. (2013.4 阅读理解) 在西方观念里我们不是为了爱而结婚的。

If the phone senses that the user is busy—for instance, involved in a conversation—it

might block an incoming call. (2011.4 阅读理解)

如果手机检测到用户很忙——例如，正在通话——它可能会阻止来电。 4. since

[sɪns]

conj. 因为 prep. 自……以来 adv. 后来

And since life poses an endless series of problems, it is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy. (2014.4 填词补文)

生活总是艰辛的，因为它给我们带来了无尽的问题，生活不仅有快乐，也充满痛苦。

The decline also has something to do with the explosive growth in world trade since 1960. (2014.10 完形补文)

（劳动力市场的）下滑和 1960 年以来的人口爆炸式增长有关。

Ever since then, he has worked with me to make me a better player. (2013.10 填句补文)

从那以后，他和我一起努力使我变成一个更好的运动员。 5. store

[stɔː]

n. 商店

Instead of running to the car, he ran back into the store and called out, “Thank you! ”(2014.4 阅读选择)

他没有跑向汽车，反而跑回商店大喊“谢谢你！” 6. waste

[weɪst]

n. 废物；浪费

We pour waste into rivers, lakes and oceans. (2013.10 填词补文) 我们把废物倒入河流、湖泊和海洋。 7. area

['eərɪə]

n. 地区；范围

In the area I worked for four months, I hardly spoke to these people. (2015.4 阅读选择)

在那个地方我工作了 4 个月，很少和这些人说话。

The explanation of dream is still an unclear area. (2014.4 完形补文) 梦的解释仍然是一个模糊的领域。 8. baseball

['beɪsbɔːl]

n. 棒球

He wanted a son because he wanted to teach him to play baseball. (2013.10 填句补文) 他想要一个儿子，因为他想教他打棒球。

9. behavior [bɪ'heɪvjə] n. 举止

How should parents talk to kids about eating behaviors? (2014.10 阅读选择) 父母应该怎么和孩子谈论饮食举止呢？ 10. block

[blɒk]

n. 块

vt. 阻止

In the 6th and 7th centuries, the Chinese invented a way to print pages by carving characters and pictures on wooden, ivory, or clay blocks. (2013.4 完型填空)

在六七世纪，中国人发明了一种通过在木头、象牙或者陶瓷块上雕刻人物和图片来印刷的方法。

It might block an incoming call and turn it onto voice mail. (2011.4 阅读理解) 它可能会阻止手机来电，将其转到语音信箱里。 11. communication

[kəmjuːnɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n]

n. 交流

These forms of communication enable them to share ideas about themselves and the world in almost real time. (2015.4 完形补文)

这些交流方式使他们能够几乎实时地分享关于自己和世界的想法。

第二节语法

【知识点 1】名词性从句☆☆☆ 1. 名词性从句的分类

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。主语从句：他说的话很重要。

What he said is important. 宾语从句：我想知道你是否能改变你的心意。

I want to know whether you can change your mind. 宾语从句：我想告诉你我喜欢你的衣服。

I want to tell you that I like your clothes. 宾语从句：你还记得为什么我让你撞墙吗?

Do you remember why I asked you to hit the wall with your head? 宾语从句：我知道你来自哪儿。

I know where you are from. 宾语从句：你能告诉我你是如何通过考试的吗？

Could you tell me how you passed the exam？表语从句：她沮丧的原因是她儿子没通过期末考试。

The reason why she was upset was that her son didn’t pass the final exam. 同位语从句：我不知道他什么时候回来。

I have no idea when he will be back. 2. 引导从句的连词汇总

what when where why who whom 3. when的用法

……的东西/事情 ……的时间 ……的地点 ……的原因 ……的人 ……的人

whose which how that if

……谁的 ……哪一个 ……的方式/程度不翻译是否

whether...or not 是否

when可以引导定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句。例句：

I still remember the day when I met you. 定语从句——名词后When I met you, I was waiting for my girlfriend. 状语从句——逗号隔开Clearly, you have forgotten when I met you.

名词性从句——谓语前后

第三节题型讲解

【知识点 1】填句补文☆☆ 1. 题目要求

第四部分：填句补文（第 26—30 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分)

下面的短文有 5 处空白，短文后有 6 个句子，其中 5 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将所选项对应的字母写在答题卡上。

2. 解题步骤

Step 1: 看选项主语，作对比，观察前后文主语；推测文章内容 Step 2: 对比选项与原文，前后文找相同和同义词 Step 3: 代入原文，检查前后文逻辑 3. 真题例析

【2015 年 10 月真题——填句补文】

The Princess Disease

Have you ever heard of the princess disease? It is a terrible disease. 26 It wastes away at one's social life and people's tolerance. People with this disease think they are better than everyone else, without a real reason. 1. princess 2. terrible 3. disease 4. waste away 5. social 6. tolerance 7. better than

n. 公主；王妃 adj. 可怕的 n. 病，疾病

日渐衰弱；日益消瘦

prince horrible

n. 王子，国君 adj. 可怕的

adj. 社会的，社交的

n. 容忍

超过；多于；好于

Jin is a girl who suffers from this disease. 27 She thinks she is better looking than her friends and most people she has met. It is, as far as she is concerned, a well- known fact that she dresses better, sings better, and dances better than most people in her school, too. 1. suffer 2. looking

v. 遭受；忍受；经历

adj. 有……样子的；有……相貌的

3. she has met 是省略了 that 的定语从句，修饰说明前面的 most people 4. as far as

至于；就……而言

As far as ... be concerned 就……而言

5. concern v. 涉及，关系到；使担心 n. 关系；关心；关心的事；忧虑

6. well-known adj. 著名的；众所周知的

So is Jin justified in believing that she is better than everyone else? 28 Of course, she thinks this is because the singing coach hates her, since the coach has bad skin and is jealous of her. She is good at sports, but she isn't the strongest, fastest, or even the best at any of their school's events. 29 She, again thinks it was because of the \"haters\". After losing, she pretended she'd just run for fun and it was no big deal, but in fact it was a huge deal to her. 1. justified 2. of course 3. coach 4. jealous 5. event 6. losing

adj. 有正当理由的 justify 当然，自然 n. 教练

adj. 妒忌的 n. 事件，大事（lose的ing形式）

n. 损失；失败

7. pretend 8. deal

vi. 假装 vt. 处理

v. 失去

adj. 输的；失败的 adj. 假装的 no big deal

没什么大不了

v. 训练；指导

be jealous of

嫉妒

v. 证明合法

Jin definitely has the disease. The treatment is to stop being so mean and get a little modesty. 30 She might even get rid of this disease if she tries hard enough. 1. definitely

definite 2. treatment 3. modesty 4. get rid of

adv. 清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地 adj. 一定的；确切的 n. 处理；对待 n. 谦逊；质朴；稳重摆脱

definition treat

n. 定义 v. 对待；视为

A. She is too proud of herself. B. Jin is very popular.

C. Then things might become better for her.

D. She sings well, but not well enough to be a lead singer. E. It threatens to push one’s friends away. F. She ran for class president, but came in third. 1. be proud of 2. threaten 3. push away 4. run for 5. president

因……自豪 v. 威胁；恐吓推开竞选

n. 总统；董事长；校长

class president

班长

一、思维导图

第五章

二、知识点

第一节单词

【知识点 1】单词识记☆☆☆ 1. printing

['prɪntɪŋ]

n. 印刷

If you asked people what the most important invention has been, many would say the printing press. (2013.4 完型填空)

如果你问人们最重要的发明是什么，许多人可能会说是印刷机。 2. purpose

['pɜːpəs]

n. 目的

Fruit has a purpose quite apart from our needs. (2014.10 填句补文) 除了满足我们的需要，水果还有一个别的目的。 3. reach

[riːtʃ]

vt. 达到

n. 范围

The man reached the taxi and jumped in. (2014.10 阅读判断) 那个人抵达出租车跟前，然后跳了进去。

The detector will show whether the mobile phone is within reach.(2011.4 阅读理解) 探测器将会显示手机是否伸手可及。 4. regular

['regjʊlə]

adj. 普通的

Unlike regular students, they have adult obligations. (2013.4 阅读理解) 与普通的学生不同，他们还有成年人的责任。 5. respect

[rɪ'spekt]

n. 尊重

vt. 尊重

Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. (2014.4 阅读判断)

跑步者彼此非常尊重对方，因为他们知道这项运动有多难。 If someone was older, I respected them automatically. (2015.4 阅读选择) 如果谁年龄比我大，我会不假思索地尊重他们。 6. role

[rəʊl]

n. 角色

As time went on, her role started to change. (2015.4 概括段落大意和补全句子) 随着时间推移，她的角色开始改变了。 7. solve

[sɒlv]

vt. 解决

Experts say indoor farming solves many problems. (2013.10 阅读判断) 专家说室内农场解决了很多问题。 8. special

['speʃ(ə)l]

adj. 特别的

Seedless fruit comes from special plants that are made by combining two varieties of a fruit to form a new variety. (2014.10 填句补文)

无籽水果产自于特殊的植物，这种植物是由一种水果的两种品种结合而产生的一个新品种。 9. support

[sə'pɔːt]

vt. 支持

n. 支持

He will be around for many more years to support me and baseball.(2013.10 填句补文)

他将会在我身边更多年来支持我和棒球。

Unfortunately, adults who want to go to college—particularly adults who have been out of school for a long time—generally have no such support system.(2013.4 阅读理解) 不幸的是，那些想上大学的成年人，尤其是那些离开学校很久的人，通常没有这

样的支持系统。 10. system

['sɪstəm]

n. 系统

Computer scientists realize the system is broken, and they are looking for alternatives. (2012.10 阅读理解)

电脑科学家们意识到系统坏了，他们正在寻找可替代的系统。 11. traditional

[trə'dɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l] adj. 传统的

Traditional farming takes up a lot of land.(2013.10 阅读判断) 传统的农业占了很多土地。

第二节语法

【知识点 1】动词☆☆

类别实义动词特点表示动作，有实际意义，能独立做谓语有一定的含义，例子 We love our hometown. Class begins. /行为动词系动词助动词情态动词

I am a student. 不能独立做谓语本身没有含义， I don’t like apples. 不能独立做谓语有一定的含义， We must study hard. 不能独立做谓语 1. 实义动词(行为动词)

及物动词 vt.: 后面要跟上一个名词或代词来作宾语。例：The boy watches TV on Sundays.

不及物动词 vi.:不能直接跟宾语，但可以跟上一个介词，构成动词短语，再

跟一个介词宾语。(如 look, listen, wait …) 例：He is looking at the picture. 2. 系动词

系动词本身有含义，但它不能单独做谓语，后面必须接表语，用来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等，一起构成主系表结构。

系动词的分类：

（1） be 动词：is am are was were——最常用的系动词。

例：She is beautiful. I am a student. They are in the classroom.

（2）表示感受的“感官动词”：look, taste, smell, sound, feel 等。感官动词+adj.

例：He feels cold. 3. 情态动词

情态动词表说话人情绪、态度和语气，没有人称和数的变化。本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，其后接动词原形。常见的情态动词有：can(could), may(might), will(would), shall( should), must, have to, had better 等。

例：He speaks English very well.

不同的情态动词表推测时语气强度不同： must 强弱 4. 助动词

协助主要动词构成谓语的动词叫助动词。它只是帮助主要动词构成谓语，表示问句、否定句、时态等。助动词本身没有含义，不可单独使用，常见助动词有： do(does, did), have(has), will 等。例：Tom doesn’t like watermelons. （1）表示时态：We have finished this semester. （2）构成疑问句：Do you like collecting stamps?

（3）与 not 合用，构成否定句：I don’t want to visit that farm.

He can speak English.

can could may might

【知识点 2】时态☆☆☆ 1. 时态汇总

做正在做已经做(完) 一直做

状态时间现在过去将来过去将来例句：一般现在时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时

一般进行完成完成进行 do/does is/am/are doing was/were doing will be doing would be doing have/has done have/has been doing had done will have done would have done did will do would do He exercises every morning. I will call you as soon as I get home. Bobbie caught a bird with his net. Nick was playing soccer at that time.

My dad has been going to Shanghai since last year. Maybe Sarah has finished her assignment. 现在完成进行时现在完成时 2. 语态

被动语态表达方式：be (was/were) + done 例：I made the chair.

The chair was made by me.

第三节题型讲解

【知识点 1】填词补文☆☆ 1. 题目要求

第五部分：填词补文(第 31—40 题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分)

下面的短文有 10 处空白，短文后列出 12 个词，其中 10 个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，请将所选项对应的字母写在答题卡上。 2. 解题步骤

Step1：直接顺着读文章，看空格，分析可能要填的词性。Step2：看选项词，找到可能词性，尝试放到空格。

v. 动词 n.名词 adj.形容词 adv.副词

Step3：根据句意选择适合的单词。

Step4：最后都做完，通读全文检查是否通顺。 3. 总体原则

① 形容词修饰名词。 ② 副词修饰动词和形容词。

③ and前后要保持一致（时态、单复数、比较级、最高级等）。 ④ be动词后面+形容词或者是现在进行时。 ⑤ 主语后面接动词（注意三单和过去式） 4. 真题例析

【2015 年 10 月真题——填词补文】

People Use Technology More, Sleep Less People in Britain now spend more time watching TV, gaming, and using their mobile phones and computers than sleeping. A study 31 that British people use technology for 20 minutes longer than they spend sleeping. 1. technology 2. Britain 3. more…than 4. longer than

n. 科技 n. 英国比……更多比……更长

England

比较级+than表示“比……更……”

n. 英格兰

The average UK adult uses technology for eight hours and 41 minutes a day. They 32 for an average of eight hours and 21 minutes. 1. average 2. adult

adj. 平均的 adj. 成年的

One of the biggest 33__ for this is wi-fi. People can get online almost 34 . Many people make telephone calls or surf the web while watching TV. TV is still the most 35 activity. 38

1. online 2. surf 3. activity

adj. 在线的 n. 海浪 n. 活动

v. 冲浪; （互联网上）冲浪

The study looked at technology and 36 age groups. It found that six-year-olds understand how to use technology at the same 37 as 45-year-olds. Another 38 was that people understand digital technology most when they are 14 or 15. 1. understand 2. digital

v. 懂，理解 adj. 数字的

A doctor said technology is 39 the way people communicate with each other. He said we are moving __40 from face-to-face conversations because of technology. 1. communicate vt. 传达 2. face-to-face 3. conversation 4. because of+n.

面对面的 n. 交谈，会话由于，因为

because of后面加短语，because后面加完整的句子。例：Because he is ill, he is absent today. He is not at school because of his illness.

A. changing (V/V-ing) B. reasons (n.) C. popular (adj.) D. found

E. anywhere (adv.) F. down

(adv.) I. different (adj.) J. away

(adv.) G. finding (V/V-ing) H. level

(n.) K. outdoor (adj.) L. sleep

(V) (V-ed)

参考答案：31-35 D L B E C

36-40 I H G A J

一、思维导图

第六章

二、知识点

第一节单词

【知识点 1】单词识记☆☆☆ 1. clearly

['klɪəlɪ]

adv. 清晰地；明显地

It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly. (2014.4 阅读判断)

它甚至可以帮助你在学校里更加专注，因为锻炼可以帮助你更清晰地思考。 They clearly love each other very deeply. (201.4 阅读理解) 很明显他们彼此非常相爱。 2. course

[kɔːs]

n. 课程

of course 一定，当然

Some have little exposure to technologies like email and Internet research, which are an increasing part of college communication and courses. (2013.4 阅读理解)

有些人几乎没有接触过像电子邮件和互联网研究这方面的技术，这些在大学交流和课程中越来越多。 3. economic

[iːkə'nɒmɪk; ek-] adj. 经济的

If we have a real economic declines, it’s going to get worse. (2011.4 阅读理解) 如果我们真的有经济上的下滑，那将会变得更糟。 4. effect

[ɪ'fekt]

n. 影响

If the listener dislikes the music or finds it boring, it will have a negative effect on him instead of a positive one.(2015.4 阅读判断)

如果听着不喜欢这个音乐或者发现它很无趣，那这个音乐会给他带来消极影响而不是积极影响。 5. ever

['evə]

adv. 曾经

No kid ever lost weight because his mother told him he was fat. (2014.10 阅读选择) 没有孩子曾经因为母亲说他胖就减肥的。 6. experiment

[ɪk'sperɪm(ə)nt] n. 实验

The second paragraph mainly tells us whether the researchers failed in their experiment. (2011.4 阅读理解)

第二段主要告诉我们研究者们是否在他们的实验中失败。 7. extra

['ekstrə]

adj. 额外的

These four young girl pooled their money and found that they had more than enough money for the boy's extra purchases. (2014.4 阅读选择)

这四个年轻女孩凑钱，发现她们有足够多的钱为男孩支付额外的花费。 8. focused

['fəʊkəst]

adj. 专心的

v. 集中（focus 的过去式和过去分词）

It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly. (2014.4 阅读判断)

它能帮助你在学校更集中精神，因为运动使你头脑更清醒。 focus

['fəʊkəs]

vi. 集中

Things were worse when fathers joined in the discussions with their daughters and focused on weight. (2014.10 阅读选择)

当父亲们加入和女儿的谈话并关注她们的体重时，事情就会变得更糟。 9. former

['fɔːmə]

adj. 前者的

the former 前者

The latter have more problems than the former.(2013.4 阅读理解)

后者比前者有更多的问题。 10. influence

['ɪnflʊəns]

vt. 影响

Do dreams actually influence our behaviors?(2014.4 完形补文) 梦真的影响我们的行为吗？ 11. introduce

[ɪntrə'djuːs]

vt. 介绍

You have to remind yourself to kick your shyness away and introduce yourself. (2015.4 阅读选择)

你不得不提醒自己克服害羞，然后介绍自己。

do does did

原形三单过去式

第二节语法

谓语

doing 现在分词／动名词 done to do

【知识点 1】非谓语☆☆☆ 1. 动名词

动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。

过去分词不定式

非谓语

一般式(谓语动词同时发生) 完成式(谓语动词发生之前) 例：The story is really fun.

doing having done being done having been done Playing basketball is really fun.

句子中Playing basketball和The story的句法功能一样，都是在句子中作主语。动名词playing和其宾语basketball构成一个整体作主语。所以非谓语动词与相关句子成分要看做一个整体。 2. 分词

分词可分为现在分词（doing）和过去分词（done）。现在分词表主动，过去

分词表被动。

例：With the work done, they went out to play. (do)

例：Write to the editor, hoping that the editor would be able to help her. (do) 分词的句法功能相当于形容词，在句子中可以作定语。例：那个和老师说话的男人是我们班长的爸爸。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 他正在读的书是比尔盖茨写的。 He is reading a book written by Bill Gates. 3. 不定式——to do（“去”做）

（1） It is + adj. + (for sb.) + to do （2）表目的，为了…

（3） make / let / have + sb. + do＝让某人做某事

第三节题型讲解

【知识点 1】完型补文☆☆ 1. 题目要求

第六部分：完形补文(第 41—50 题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分)

下面的短文有 10 处空白，每处空白后的括号内有一个词，请根据短文内容将其正确的形式填入文中，以恢复文章原貌，将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。 2. 做题技巧

(1) 形容词修饰名词。

(2) 副词修饰动词、形容词和副词。 (3) and前后要保持一致（单复数、词性、比较级、最高级、时态等）。 (4) be动词后面+形容词或名词，加doing构成进行时或者加done构成被动。 (5) 介词（of, in, at等）后面接doing或名词。 3. 解题步骤

Step1：判断缺少什么成分（根据主谓宾或主系表结构） Step2：匹配词性。 Step3：根据规则变换词性。

Step4：通读句子，检查是否通顺。 4. 题目例析

Language Learning

If you decide to take language courses online, be sure there are advantages in the studying online. Its costs are usually lower (low) than the classroom learning, and you can study at your own pace, and you can easily (ease) get the materials 24 hours a day from almost any computer in the world. However, you won’t get the human interaction (interact) of meeting people face to face, as you would if you were attending a school abroad in person. 1. decide to 2. course 3. advantage 4. 比较级+than 5. pace

决定去做…… n. 课程 n. 优点比……更…… n. 步伐

6. 第二个空后是动词原形get，前面是情态动词can，所以这里需要填一个副词。故要填easy的副词形式easily。 7. material 8. interact 9. attend

n. 材料 v. 互动 v. 参加

interaction

n. 互动

However, the advantages of going (go) abroad may include day-to-day chances to learn a new culture, to meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language, and to see different (difference) parts of the world. There are also a number of disadvantages (disadvantage) for some students, including high cost, time away from one’s school, family, or work life, and difficulty in getting (get) used to a new culture and way of life.

1. 本段第一个空前是介词of，所以这里需要填名词。所以要变go为going。 2. include 3. chance

v. 包括 n. 机会

4. culture 5. difference

n. 文化 n. 不同

different

adj. 不同的

本段第二个空后是可数名词复数parts，句中不缺成分，所以这里需要填一个形容词。所以要变difference为different。 6. disadvantage

n. 缺点，劣势

本段第三个空前是a number of，表示“许多”，所给单词disadvantage是可数名词，所以这里要变成名词复数disadvantages。 7. get/be used to (doing)

习惯……

Whatever you do, consider a distance education program that meets (meet) your educational needs, that is what you can afford, and that provides you with chances beyond the class-room through cultural (culture) activities and educational activities. As long as you try your best, you have the possibility (possible) of success. 1. consider 2. distance 3. meet

v. 考虑 n. 距离 v. 满足；遇见

本段第一句话结构比较复杂，句中包含三个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词program。分析句子结构可知，第一个空是第一个定语从句的谓语部分，空前的that指代的是可数名词单数program，所以这里要填动词的三单形式，即改meet 为meets。 4. need 5. culture

n. 需求 n. 文化

cultural

adj. 文化的

空格前是介词through，后面是可数名词复数activities，所以这里要填一个形容词修饰后面的名词。所以要变culture为其形容词形式cultural。 6. as long as 7. possible

只要…… adj. 可能的

possibility

n. 可能

空格前是定冠词the，后面是介词of，所以这里要填一个名词。故变possible为其名词形式possibility。

一、思维导图

第七章

二、知识点

第一节单词

【知识点 1】单词识记☆☆☆

1. site [saɪt] n. 场所

Emily regularly came to the building site.(2015.4 概括段落大意和补全句子) 艾米丽定期地来建筑工地。 2. social

['səʊʃ(ə)l]

adj. 社会的

After World War Ⅱ, many Western and Northern European countries began to adopt favorable social policies. (2013.4 阅读理解)

第二次世界大战之后，许多西欧和北欧国家开始采取有利的社会政策。 3. stress

[stres]

n. 压力

Music can also reduce stress, make depression more bearable and help you relax. (2015.4 阅读判断)

音乐还可以减轻压力，增加沮丧的承受力，帮助你放松。

4. stuff [stʌf] n. 素材，资料

You just found some good stuff on the Web for your science report. (2014.10 概括段落大意和补全句子)

你刚刚在网络上发现了一些适合你科学报告的好资料。 5. tend

[tend]

vi. 倾向

People tend to listen to music selectively.(2015.4 阅读判断) 人们倾向于有选择性地听音乐。 6. typical

['tɪpɪk(ə)l]

adj. 典型的

These days a typical Internet user has dozens of online accounts.(2012.10 阅读理解) 现在一个典型的互联网用户拥有几十个在线账户。 7. wage

[weɪdʒ]

n. 工资

That resulted in too many workers for the jobs available and depressed wages.(2014.10 完形补文)

这导致了太多的工人找不到工作，工资也下降了。 8. wedding

['wedɪŋ]

n. 婚礼

This money is to help pay for the wedding ceremony and for setting up house afterwards. (2013.4 阅读理解)

这笔钱是用来支付婚礼的费用和事后的安家费。 9. wives

[waɪvz]

n. 妻子（wife 的复数）

Almost four of every 100 wives are seriously beaten by their husbands.(2011.4 阅读理解)

几乎每 100 个妻子中就有 4 个被丈夫严重殴打的。 10. active

['æktɪv]

adj. 活跃的；主动的

They may not be as active as people who work during the daytime.(2014.4 填句补文) 他们可能没有那些白天工作的人活跃。

Make active contacts with others. (2015.4 阅读选择) 主动与他人接触。 11. admit

[əd'mɪt]

vt. 承认

vi. 承认

They will admit they have been sending short text messages and surfing the Internet 47

and doing word games at the same time.(2012.10 阅读理解) 他们会承认他们一直在发短信、上网和玩文字游戏。

Near graduating from college, Robbie applied to and was admitted to New York Medical College. (2014.10 阅读判断)

临近大学毕业时，罗比申请纽约医学院，并且考入了纽约医学院。

第二节语法——特殊句式

【知识点 1】There be句型☆☆

There be… (有…) There be句型的三种时态：一般现在时：There is / are...；一般过去时：There was/were + n + 方位副词；一般将来时：There will be...。有某人正在做某事：There be + sb. + doing 例：有几个男孩在打篮球。【知识点 2】强调句☆☆

强调句：It is (was) + 被强调部分（主、宾、状） + that (who) + 其余部分例：Tom cleaned the room yesterday.

主

谓

宾

状

There are some boys playing basketball.

强调主语：It was Tom that(who) cleaned the room yesterday. 强调宾语：It was the room that Tom cleaned yesterday. 强调状语：It was yesterday that Tom cleaned the room. 【知识点 3】虚拟语气☆☆☆ 1. 对现在的虚拟

If+主语+动词过去式(be动词只用were)，主语+would/could/should/might+动词原形例：如果我是你，我会飞向你。

If I were you, I would fly to you.

例：如果我成为总统，我会让大家过上幸福的生活。

If I became a president, I would make all of my people live a happy life. 2. 对过去的虚拟

If +主语+ had done, 主语+ would/could/should/might +have done 例：如果我们早点出发，我们就不会错过火车了。 If we had started earlier, we should have not missed the train. 例：如果她没有生病的话，她就会来了。 If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. 3. 对将来的虚拟

If+主语+should/were to +动词原形, 主语+would/could/should/might+动词原形

例：如果你下次考满分，我就给你举办聚会。

If you were to get a full mark next time, I would hold a party for you. 例：如果明天他能来，我们会大感惊讶的。

If he should come tomorrow, we would be greatly surprised.

第三节题型讲解——短文写作

【知识点 1】写作判定角度☆☆

短文写作

language

structure

vocabulary

grammar

function words

coherence

语言多样性

语法正确合适功能词连贯性

【知识点 2】解题步骤☆☆ 1. 审题

2. 确定文章结构（应用文、议论文） 3. 确定文章观点，列提纲【知识点 3】考查题型☆☆☆

英语（二）的短文写作共分为两种文体：议论文；应用文（邮件/写信）

1. 议论文—why

作文题：pick one（二选一或者随便挑）；观点：你喜欢/选择 A or B or what。注：必须要选一个自己会写的观点。

（1）议论文结构三段式的写作思路：

第一段 Introduction（开头）引出主题（1 句话）第二段 Body（主体）第三段 Conclusion（结论）原因 1（1-2 句话）总结原因 1、2、3+重申观点（1-2 句话）给出观点（1 句话）（2）常用句式

原因 2（1-2 句话）原因 3（1-2 句话） ➢ 观点二选一

第一段——Introduction：引出主题+表明观点

引出主题句 1：Recently, the problem of 主题 has been widely debated, which has aroused public attention. It is believed by some that 观点 1, while others think that观点 2.

引出主题句 2：Nowadays there is a growing concern over 主题. It is believed by some that 观点 1, while others think that 观点 2. 表明观点 1：From my perspective, 观点（简单句/it is +adj. (for sb.) to do sth./there be 句型…）. 表明观点 2：As far as I am concerned, 观点（简单句/it is +adj. (for sb.) to do sth./there be 句型…）

Sample 1:

Directions: Some people think the animals should be kept in zoos, while some people think keeping animals in zoos is a wrong choice. What’s your opinion about these two views.

例文：Recently, the problem of whether(是否) animals should be kept in zoos has been widely debated, which has aroused public attention. It is believed by some that animals should be kept in zoos, while others think that keeping animals in zoos is a 50

wrong choice. From my perspective, animals are likely to be better off in the wild than kept in zoos. ➢ 观点随便挑

第一段 Introduction（开头）引出主题（1 句话）第二段 Body（主体）引出原因原因 1（1-2 句话）第三段 Conclusion（结论）总结原因 1、2、3+重申观点（1-2 句话）给出观点（1 句话）原因 2（1-2 句话）原因 3（1-2 句话）第一段——Introduction：表明观点 There are many kinds of that I like most is . that I enjoy, such as(举例) . However, the

第二段——引出原因，陈述原因

○1 We may cite a variety of reasons accounting for this. ○2 There are

reasons can be listed.

Firstly / To begin with / In the first place, 原因 1 Secondly / What’s more / In the second place, 原因 2 Finally / Last but not least / In the third place, 原因 3 适当举例：for example; for instance; to illustrate this 第二段——具体原因

○1 时间（是否省时间，save / waste）

○2 钱（expensive / high cost / cheap / make a lot of money / make a living） ○3 情（爱情 find my girl friend / soul mate; 友情：I have made a lot of friends and that is my biggest harvest）

○4 方便 / 舒适 / 放松 / 有用 / 健康（convenient / comfortable / relaxed / useful / healthy）

第三段——总结原因+重申观点

○1 From what I have discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that

总结原因, so 重申观点.

○2 Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that 总结原因, so 重申观点. ○3 In summary, with regards to the issue 主题, I would agree that 你的观点. Because 你的原因 1, and also for the reason that 你的原因 2. 在上文给出的例题中，第三段可以如下展开：

In summary, with regards to the issue whether animals should be kept in zoos or not, I would argue that keeping animals in zoos is a wrong choice. Because it is a waste of money and labor, and also for the reason that the natures of the animals are likely to be easily sabotaged.

（3）写作模板

观点二选一：

Recently, the problem of 主题 has been widely debated, which has aroused public attention. It is believed by some that 观点 1, while others think that 观点 2. From my point of view, 观点. We may cite a variety of reasons accounting for this. To begin with, 原因 1.What’s more, 原因 2. Last but not least, 原因 3. Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that 总结原因, so 重申观点. 观点随便挑：

There are many kinds of that I like most is There are that I enjoy, such as ( 举例) . . However, the

reasons can be listed. To begin with, 原因 1. What’s more, 原因

2. Last but not least, 原因 3. Based on all the reasons，（4）6 大功能词

英语写作过程中共有六种功能词，分别表示：因果关系，转折关系，顺序关系，递进关系，对比关系，总结关系。

因果关系

is my favorite. 52

thus 因此 as a result 结果，结果是

thanks to/owing to 由于

This is likely due to 有可能因为，由于转折关系 but although 顺序关系

但是尽管，虽然

This is because 因为，由于

however 但是，然而

even though 尽管，纵然

首先，第一：first / firstly / to start with / foremost

其次，第二：second / secondly / moreover / furthermore / next 最后，第三：finally / at last / last but not least

递进关系

moreover 更有甚者 additionally 此外并列或转折 equally in the same way

相等地，平等地，公平地同样，以相同的方式

further 进一步

On one hand… on the other hand… In the first place… in the second place in contrast 总结关系

相反，相比之下

一方面……另一方面…… 首先……其次……

in a word / in short / in brief 总之，简言之 generally speaking in general 连接论据的词

表达观点：It is argued that… / It is claimed by… that… / It is asserted that… / This essay will argue that…

分成几点并列：on one hand… on the other hand… / in the first place… in the second place… / firstly, secondly, thirdly / first of all… secondly… last but not least…

递进：additionally, further, furthermore, moreover, finally

大体上，总的来说

in conclusion

总之，最后

总之，一般而言

总结：in summary, to summarize, in conclusion, it can be concluded, in short, in a word

2. 应用文（书信类）

应用文写作内容已告知，重点是格式： Dear XXX(称呼),

问候

写信目的，原因

正文：根据题目要求，按点完成结尾

Your Sincerely(落款)

问候用语

How are you?

I hope you have had a great vacation. I hope this email / letter finds you well. Warm greetings from the distant lands of China.

写信目的

I am writing this email to … The purpose of this email is about …

结尾

I am looking forward to your reply. I am looking forward to meeting you.

邀请信：I am looking forward to your visiting. We will very much appreciate it if you can come here.

道歉信：Your understanding for my xx would be very much appreciated. 建议信：There are only my personal suggestions. I hope you will find them useful. 感谢信：I would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation again.

祝贺信：Sincere congratulations to you.

写作模板： Dear ,（称呼）

I hope this email finds you well. (问候) I am writing this email 根据题目内容写正文

I am looking forward to your arrival. (结尾)

例题：

51. 假设你的美国朋友 Mike 要去你的家乡旅游，请给他写一封电子邮件，告诉他:

1. 近期的天气情况； 2. 需要注意的事项； 3. 你期待与他见面。请以 Like 署名。

参考范文： Dear Mike,（称呼）

I hope this email finds you well. (问候)

I am writing this email to tell you that I am very glad you are coming to Chongqing in November. （表明目的）

When you arrive, I’ll pick you up at the airport. It’s cold in Chongqing so please pack your down jacket. You can stay at my home. We have a spare room and there is no need for you to book a hotel.

Chongqing is famous for its beautiful river view. I’ll show you around a few city squares here. One thing you cannot miss is the local food—Hot Pot, spicy but really nice. I think you’ll like it and have a good time here. I am looking forward to your arrival. (结尾)

Your Sincerely,（落款）

（表明目的）

第八章

一、思维导图

二、知识点

第一节语法

【知识点 1】词性及基本句型☆ 1. 词性

词性高频考点及物动词+n. 举例 watch TV 动词 v. 不及物动词不能直接加 n. look at the picture learner—learners 名词 n. 变复数一般在词尾+s/es 不定冠词+单数 a child honest child 形容词 adj. 形容词修饰名词形容词+ly=副词副词 adv. 介词 prep. 副词修饰动词介词+doing/n. and/or 前后词性、单复数、时态等保持一致 honest—honestly easily get of going 连词 conj. 2. 基本句型

students and teachers 英语中共有五大基本句型：

I cried. I love you. I give you a kiss. You make me happy. You are my angel.

主 + 谓. 主 + 谓+ 宾. 主 + 谓+ 间宾 + 直宾. 主 + 谓+ 宾 + 宾补. 主 + 系 + 表. 定语 adj. ……的

句子必要成分修饰成分 57

状语 adv. ……地

句子由一个 n. + 一个 v. 组成 3. 简单句和复合句

（1）简单句：由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子——只有一套主谓关系。

例：I love this beautiful girl.

（2）复合句：将两个或两个以上的简单句组合成一个句子。

并列句 and; but; or; so S.+ conj. +S.

I like apples, but I don’t like oranges. 我喜欢苹果，但是我不喜欢橘子。

主从句

用一个句子充当一个词

名词性从句

从句分类

定语从句状语从句

I like the apple that you gave me yesterday. 我喜欢你昨天给我的苹果。

【知识点 2】定语从句☆☆☆

定语从句是指从句做定语成分修饰前面的名词，标志词有that, who, which, when, where等，位于名词后面。

例：I have never seen anyone that could dance like that.

在定语从句中看到名词后面的逗号时，只能用which。【知识点 3】状语从句☆☆☆

状语从句是指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。状语从句中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。

例句：

When you see him, please send my regard. 当你见到他时，请代我问好。

My mother came in while I was doing my homework. 我正做作业的时候我妈进来了。 As I watched him, he dived into the water. 正当我看着他的时候，他潜进了水里。I will call you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你打电话。

I work very hard until my boss leaves the company. 我非常努力工作，直到我老板离开公司。 2. 地点状语从句

引导地点状语从句：where（在…地方）例句：

I am sitting where I sat last time. 我正坐在上次我坐的地方。 3. 原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句：because / since / as / for（因为…）例句：

I bought this for you because / since / as / for you will need it. 我给你买了这玩意因为你会用得上。 4. 结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句：so…that…（太…以至于）/ such…that…（如此…以至

于）

例句：

引导目的状语从句：so that（以便于）/ in order that（以便于）/ in case（以

免）

例句：

I get up early every day so that / in order that I could get on the first bus. 我每天早起以便于我能赶上头班车。

I get up early every day in case I couldn’t get on the first bus. 我每天早起以免赶不上头班车。 6. 条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句：if（如果）/ unless（除非）/ as long as（只要）

例句：

引导让步状语从句：although（虽然）/ though（虽然）/ even if（即使）/ even

though（尽管) / whether（无论）/ while（虽然，既然）/ now that（既然）/ 特殊疑问词词尾加上ever = no matter + 特殊疑问词（无论…）

例句：

What he said is important. 宾语从句：我想知道你是否能改变你的心意。

I want to know whether you can change your mind. 宾语从句：我想告诉你我喜欢你的衣服。

I want to tell you that I like your clothes. 宾语从句：你还记得为什么我让你撞墙吗?

Do you remember why I asked you to hit the wall with your head? 宾语从句：我知道你来自哪儿。

I know where you are from. 宾语从句：你能告诉我你是如何通过考试的吗？

Could you tell me how you passed the exam？表语从句：她沮丧的原因是她儿子没通过期末考试。

The reason why she was upset was that her son didn’t pass the final exam. 同位语从句：我不知道他什么时候回来。

I have no idea when he will be back. 2. 引导从句的连词汇总

what when where why who whom

3. when的用法

……的东西/事情 ……的时间 ……的地点 ……的原因 ……的人 ……的人

whose which how that if

……谁的 ……哪一个 ……的方式/程度不翻译是否

whether...or not 是否

when可以引导定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句。例句：

I still remember the day when I met you. 定语从句——名词后When I met you, I was waiting for my girlfriend. 状语从句——逗号隔开Clearly, you have forgotten when I met you. 【知识点 5】动词及时态☆☆ 1. 动词

名词性从句——谓语前后

类别实义动词 / 行为动词特点表示动作，有实际意义，能独立做谓语有一定的含义，不能独立做谓语本身没有含义，不能例子 We love our hometown. Class begins. 系动词 I am a student. 助动词 I don’t like apples. 独立做谓语有一定的含义，不能独立做谓语情态动词 We must study hard.

（1）实义动词(行为动词)

及物动词 vt.: 后面要跟上一个名词或代词来作宾语。例：The boy watches TV on Sundays.

不及物动词 vi.:不能直接跟宾语，但可以跟上一个介词，构成动词短语，再

跟一个介词宾语。(如 look, listen, wait …) 例：He is looking at the picture.

（2）系动词

系动词本身有含义，但它不能单独做谓语，后面必须接表语，用来说明主语的状况、性质、特征等，一起构成主系表结构。

系动词的分类：

1) be 动词：is am are was were——最常用的系动词。例：She is beautiful. I am a student. They are in the classroom.

2) 表示感受的“感官动词”：look, taste, smell, sound, feel 等。感官动词+adj. 例：He feels cold.

（3）情态动词

例：He speaks English very well.

He can speak English.

不同的情态动词表推测时语气强度不同： must 强弱

（4）助动词

can could may might

协助主要动词构成谓语的动词叫助动词。它只是帮助主要动词构成谓语，表示问句、否定句、时态等。助动词本身没有含义，不可单独使用，常见助动词有： do(does, did), have(has), will 等。例：Tom doesn’t like watermelons. 1）表示时态：We have finished this semester. 2）构成疑问句：Do you like collecting stamps?

3）与 not 合用，构成否定句：I don’t want to visit that farm. 2. 时态

做正在做已经做(完) 一直做

状态时间一般进行完成完成进行 63

现在过去将来过去将来例句：

do/does is/am/are doing was/were doing will be doing would be doing have/has done have/has been doing had done will have done would have done did will do would do 一般现在时一般将来时一般过去时过去进行时现在完成进行时现在完成时

He exercises every morning. I will call you as soon as I get home. Bobbie caught a bird with his net. Nick was playing soccer at that time.

My dad has been going to Shanghai since last year. Maybe Sarah has finished her assignment.

【知识点 6】被动语态☆☆☆

被动语态表达方式：be (was/were) + done 例：I made the chair. 【知识点 7】非谓语☆☆☆

The chair was made by me.

do does did

原形三单过去式

谓语

doing 现在分词／动名词done to do

4. 动名词

过去分词不定式

非谓语

动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。

语态时态主动被动 64

一般式(和谓语动词同时发生) 完成式(在谓语动词发生之前) 例：The story is really fun.

doing having done being done having been done Playing basketball is really fun.

句子中Playing basketball和The story的句法功能一样，都是在句子中作主语。动名词playing和其宾语basketball构成一个整体作主语。所以非谓语动词与相关句子成分要看做一个整体。 5. 分词

分词可分为现在分词（doing）和过去分词（done）。现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。

例：With the work done, they went out to play. (do)

（1） It is + adj. + (for sb.) + to do （2）表目的，为了…

（3） make / let / have + sb. + do＝让某人做某事

【知识点 8】特殊句式☆☆ 1. There be句型

There be… (有…) There be句型的三种时态：一般现在时：There is / are...；一般过去时：There was/were + n + 方位副词；一般将来时：There will be...。有某人正在做某事：There be + sb. + doing 例：有几个男孩在打篮球。 2. 强调句

强调句：It is (was) + 被强调部分（主、宾、状） + that (who) + 其余部分

There are some boys playing basketball.

例：Tom cleaned the room yesterday.

主

谓

宾

状

强调主语：It was Tom that(who) cleaned the room yesterday. 强调宾语：It was the room that Tom cleaned yesterday. 强调状语：It was yesterday that Tom cleaned the room. 3. 虚拟语气

（1）对现在的虚拟

If+主语+动词过去式(be动词只用were)，主语+would/could/should/might+动词原形例：如果我是你，我会飞向你。

If I were you, I would fly to you.

例：如果我成为总统，我会让大家过上幸福的生活。

If I became a president, I would make all of my people live a happy life.

（2）对过去的虚拟

（3）对将来的虚拟

If+主语+should/were to +动词原形, 主语+would/could/should/might+动词原形

例：如果你下次考满分，我就给你举办聚会。

If you were to get a full mark next time, I would hold a party for you. 例：如果明天他能来，我们会大感惊讶的。

If he should come tomorrow, we would be greatly surprised.

第二节题型讲解——选词填空

【知识点 1】填词补文☆☆ 1. 解题步骤

Step1：直接顺着读文章，看空格，分析可能要填的词性。Step2：看选项词，找到可能词性，尝试放到空格。 v. 动词 n. 名词

adj. 形容词

adv. 副词

Step3：根据句意选择适合的单词。 Step4：最后都做完，通读全文检查是否通顺。 2. 总体原则

（1）形容词修饰名词。（2）副词修饰动词和形容词。

（3） and前后要保持一致（时态、单复数、比较级、最高级等）。（4） be动词后面+形容词或者是现在进行时。（5）主语后面接动词（注意三单和过去式）。

【知识点 2】完形补文☆☆ 1. 解题步骤

Step1：判断缺少什么成分（根据主谓宾或主系表结构）。Step2：匹配词性。

Step3：根据规则变换词性。Step4：通读句子，检查是否通顺。 2. 做题技巧

（1）形容词修饰名词。

（2）副词修饰动词、形容词和副词。

（3） and前后要保持一致（单复数、词性、比较级、最高级、时态等）。（4） be动词后面+形容词或名词，加doing构成进行时或者加done构成被动。（5）介词（of, in, at等）后面接doing或名词。

一、思维导图

第九章

二、知识点

第一节题型讲解

【知识点 1】阅读判断☆☆ 1. 解题步骤

Step 1：读题干

Step 2：找关键词回文定位 ①确定题干中的关键词 ②回文定位 Step 3：比较

将关键词所在的句子与题目对比，根据True，False和Not Given特点进行判断。【知识点 2】阅读选择☆☆☆ 1. 细节题(According to /直接考文章内容)

推断题(可能性的词：Probably/直接考文章内容) 词义猜测题： Step 1: 阅读题目

Step 2: 寻找关键词回归定位，找出题目在原文中的出处

（1）准确确定题干中的关键词：什么时候谁在哪干嘛（时间、地点、人名、数字、

专有名词、短语、形容词副词比较级）

（2）带着关键词回归文章定位（3）重点阅读出现关键词处的部分

（4）按照顺序阅读，不要上下捋

Step 3: 原文重现；同义替换 2. 主旨题

Step 1: 看首段，找关键词

Step 2: 如果首段看不出来，看尾段，找关键词提问方式：This text is mainly about the......

The best title for this text is......

【知识点 3】概括段落大意和补全句子☆☆☆ 1. 概括段落大意

（1）解题步骤：

答案不确定的。 2. 补全句子

解题步骤： Step1: 看题

Step2: 选出答案（意思和语法） Step3: 回文定位 Step4: 检查【知识点 4】填句补文☆☆ 1. 解题步骤

Step 1: 看选项主语，作对比，观察前后文主语；推测文章内容 Step 2: 对比选项与原文，前后文找相同和同义词 Step 3: 代入原文，检查前后文逻辑

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