高考英语信息匹配题解题技巧及练习

高考英语信息匹配题解题技巧及练习（附答案）

一、概述

信息匹配题是近年来高考英语中出现的一个新题型，其目的是考查考生通过快速阅读获

取信息和处理信息的能力。从目前的情况来看，这类题型的所涉及文章体裁大都属于应用文，

如广告(含招聘广告、产品销售广告、宣传广告、电影海报等)、简历、图书资料、社交书信

和产品说明书等，总的说来，其实用性比较强。

二、解题技巧

（一）步骤：先“少”后“多”

先读总字数少的那一板块内容，锁定了其中的关键信息后，再读字数多的那一板块内容并进行匹配。这里之所以不提“先读题目后读文章”，是因为有些信息匹配题可能会出现“匹配题目信息多过文章信息”的情况，如2011年高考广东卷就出现了这种情形。如果还是按

照传统的“先题后文法”去做，就会特别吃力。因此先“少”后“多”是做是做信息匹配题

的总体步骤。

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“先题后文法”阅读理解非常常用的一种方法，它指的是在做阅读理解题时，先读题目，

然后带着问题去读文章，遇上相关信息画上记号，最后再通过分析和比较得出答案。对

于信息匹配题来说，

“先题后文”指的就是先读匹配对象，然后带着匹配对象中的关键信息阅读前面的信息材料，最后确定答案。这种方法的好处就在于，它可以提高阅读的针对性，从而提高答题速度和答题的准确性。

（二）锁定关键信息：抓实词

正确锁定关键信息是做好信息匹配题的重要一步。如何才能迅速地锁定关键信息呢有

一个总原则：抓住实词！从词性来说，包括：名词、动词、形容词、数词；从具体内容来

说，包括：人名、地名、书名、产品名、电影名、行为、特征、数量、日期等。可以参照

5w1h（who, what, when, where, which, how）等因素来进行锁定。不同文体的关键信息也不

一样，如招聘广告：年龄、学历、经历等；产品宣传广告：产品的特点、优势、价格等；

培训班招生广告：课程、时间、地点、教师、学费、入学条件和联系方式等；剧院介绍：位置、联系电话、上演剧目、时间和票价等；

比如有一篇信息匹配题是这样的，

题目先给出几段招聘广告，

然后给出几个求职者的工

作简历和求职意向进行信息匹配。其中有一个求职者的情况如下：

Lynne Nagata. Lynne, aged 65, once worked in a kindergarten. She is now a housewife, helping

her daughter with her housework on weekdays. She is looking for a part-time job.

同学们读了此信息后，可大致了解Lynne Nagata的基本情况：65岁，曾在幼儿园工作，现

为家庭主妇，周日为自己的女儿做家务，求兼职工作。然后同学们带着这些信息去阅读相关

广告，初扫一眼，初步对比之后，发现下面这两个广告比较接近：

Teacher Needed: Tommy’s Kindergarten needs 2 teachers / trainers to help with classes

from 9 to 3 . Applicants should have appropriate licenses. For more information

visit Tommy’s Kindergarten in Leicester Square No. 56.

Part-time work available: We are looking for retired adults who would like to work part-time attheweekeResponsibilitiesinclude answering the telephones and giving customers information. For more information contact us by calling 345-674132.

前面的第一则广告中有一个信息很关键，那就是Kindergarten。这个广告初看好像很适合

Lynne Nagata，但继续往后面看，就不合适了，因为它要求从早上9点工作到下午3点，且要求具有相应的资格证，这些似乎与Lynne Nagata的信息不很吻合。然后我们再看后面的第二则广告，这里面有好两个关键信息：一是“retried(退休)”与“65岁”很吻合；二是“周末职”与“周日帮女儿帮家务”也很吻合，因为只需周日做家务就意味着

周末有空。显然答案只能是第二则广告了。

（三）匹配技巧

１、寻找同义、相同的词或词组。如2011年高考广东卷中的第46题里出现了 a cat-and-mouse

game一词，而F选项里也出现了这同一词组，因此毫无疑问，这一相同的关键信息决定了

两个内容是相匹配的。 ２、寻找近义词或词组。如joined by=linked by；

３、留意数字（包括时间）。数字的位置是最容易找的，如果问题提及过，用寻找关键字的

方法就能找到答案。注意，数字有时候也可用英语表达出来。

{四）读懂省略文字信息匹配题通常涉及的是应用文，而应用文类文体的语言都比较简洁和精炼，有时甚至还会出现一些省略句，考生做题时若能具备这方面的一些知识和能力，并能根据上下文对有所省略的句子作出准确理解，则可大大提高得分率。如招聘广告中经常用到的Typist Needed就是一个典型的省略句，为A typist is needed之省略，其意为“招聘打字员”

。又如下面是某人与一个渔夫朋友的对话，其中用的均为省略句，你看看能否读懂：

A：Going

B：Been.

A：Big

B：Small.

以上四个句子均为省略句，若补充完整则为：

A：Are you going fishing

B：No. I have been fishing.

A：Have you caught any big fish

B：No. I only caught some small fish.

像这样的省略假若同学们不能作出正确理解，其后的题目自然就无法答出了。

五）学会“认”生词

信息匹配题中有时会出现生词，尤其是一些广告类应用文，通常会出现一些考生不认识

的人名、地名、书名、电影名、产品名、网站名等，这些生词如果从句子结构上分析能够确

定是属于实词，就只需要标识出来，然后在下文阅读中如果检索到相同的词，一般就可以确

认它们是匹配的信息。也就是说，并不需要学生完全读懂该生词的具体中文意思，

只需要及时“认得出”就可以了。在具体操作上，考生可以这样进行：对于不熟悉的人名，可以理解为“某人”；对于不熟悉的地名，可以理解为“某地”；对于不熟悉的书名，可以理解为“某书”；对于不熟悉的电影名，可以理解为“某电影”；以此类推。

（六）巧用标注记号

要阅读材料信息时可用笔划出关键点，以引起注意，便于记忆和理顺思路。同时，对于

已选用的匹配项，也可用笔标明，以排除干扰，减轻大脑负担，从而提高解题速度和答题的

准确性。假若在五个题目中已经匹配了三个，并且均很有把握，而剩下的两个还一时拿不准，

此时可以在已经做好题目前打个钩，在拿不准的两个题目前打个问号，这样可以缩小匹配范

围，提高针对性。

巩固练习：

2011年广东高考英语·信息匹配

首先请阅读下列近期热播的国外影视作品的海报及提示性文字：

A. When it come to the essential story line, the movie is all about a bird traveling several thousand miles for the purpose of setting up a rare bird family.

B. Cracks explores the evil force developed within a closed society, the single-minded violence of the mob mentality, and the seductive charm of the heroine.

C. Eleven years after Sidney Prescott tangled with a mad killer, the Scream series

has been exhumed. It was fun and breezy in 1996. In 2011, it’s about as fresh as the whiff.

D. Soul surfer portrays the comeback spirit and faith of shark attack survivor and

champion surfer Bethany Hamilton.

E. Although it is a better fantasy than a comedy, this movie never fully embraces either side of the dramatic types and ends up a bastard of mixed blood.

F. This movie is a richer and more compelling thriller involving a cat-and-mouse game than the average roller coaster ride into tension and misery. And it also h

as a “clean” ending.

以下是这些影视作品的背景简介或故事梗概。请将相关背景简介或故事梗概与影视作品

的海报及提示性文字匹配起来。

46. Having spent most of her life in the worlds of Finland and toughened herself with half her

teen years’ harsh training as a killer, she decides that she is ready to enter society. Her first mission is to kill Marissa, her mother’s killer. The plan goes much as expected, except the “Marissa” is an

imposter. Hanna becomes the prey in a cat-and-mouse game with the real Marissa, causing tension and misery.

47.Blu is a domesticated macaw from the jungles of South America. If Linda, his owner, brings

him to Rio, the bird can mate the last female blue macaw and re-start the species. Blu’s encounter with his bride-to-be, Jewel, doesn’t go well, but the two aren’t given much time to get to know

each other before a gang of bird-hunters spirits them away. Now it’s up to Blu and Jewel to escap-e the criminals.

48.Perhaps surprisingly, it works reasonably well until the jokes get in the way, testifying to how durable fantasy clichés are. Yet, considering the talent involved on both sides of the camera,

audiences may be expecting more. Even though it emerges from an uncrowded genre in which the

competition is sparse, Your Highness is forgettable and it likely won’t take long before it is

forgotten.

49.The film begins with the heroine at age 13, already a champion surfer who has been winning

50.trophies since she was 9. On an idyllic Hawaii day, she is practicing for next competition when a shark strikes, biting off her left arm. She makes a quick physical recovery and is back on her surf-board after several weeks, but her spiritual recovery is more complicated as she struggle to believe she can — and should — keep surfing. She goes out their and shows the world she can be a

beacon for human soul.

50.The Ghost Face Killer has chosen this year to emerge from the winter long sleep, and his

targets appear to be Sidney and those few remaining family members. Scream 4 offers little more

than a group of familiar characters wandering around a horror movie setting and uttering

self-referential one-liners as the body count mounts. The story is thin and belabored ─ more an

excuse to encounter old friends and revel in new gore than tha “revision” promised by the

promotional material.